Review Article

Effects and Management of Parthenium hysterophorus: A Weed of Global Significance

Table 3

Examples of weed control using bioherbicidal approach (liquid and solid formulations).

Serial numberTarget weedFungusProduct nameYear of registrationFormulation type

Liquid formulations
1.Persimmon (Diospyros  virginiana) trees in rangelands Acremonium diospyri Acremonium diospyri 1960Conidial suspension
2.Dodder (Cuscuta chinesis and C. australis) in soybeansColletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Cuscutae Lubao1963Conidial suspension
3.Milkweed vine (Morrenia odorata)Phytophthora palmivora (P. citrophthora)DeVine1981Liquid spores suspension
4.Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)Puccinia canaliculata Dr. Biosedge1987Emulsified suspension
5.Turf grass (Poa annua) in golf coursesCylindrobasidium leave Stumpout1997Liquid (oil) suspension
6.Woody plants Blackberry weed (Prunus serotina)Chondrostereum purpureum BioChon1997Mycelial suspension in water
7.Hakea gummosis and H. sericea in native vegetationColletotrichum acutatum Hakatak1999Conidial suspension
8.Deciduous tree speciesChondrostereum purpureum Mycotech Paste2004Paste
9.Alder, aspen, and other hardwoodsChondrostereum purpureum Chontrol  
(Ecoclear)
2004Spray emulsion and paste
10.Dodder speciesAlternaria destruens Smolder2008Conidial suspension
11.Soda apple (Solanum viarum) Tobacco mild green mosaic virus Solvinix2009Foliar spray suspension

Solid formulations
1.Northern joint-vetch (Aeschynomene virginica)Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene Collego
LockDown
1982Wettable powder
2.Sickle-pod and coffee senna (Cassia spp.)Alternaria cassia Casst1983Solid
3.Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)Cercospora rodmanii ABG-50031984Wettable powder
4.Velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrastus)Colletotrichum coccodes Velgo1987Wettable powder
5.Round-leaved mallow (Malva pussila)Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae BioMal1992Mallet wettable powder
6.Hakea gummosis and H. sericea in native vegetationColletotrichum acutatum Hakatak1999Granular (dry conidia)
7.Dyers woad (Isastis tinctoria) in farms, rangeland, waste areas, and roadsidesPuccinia thlaspeos Woad
Warrior
2002Powder
8.Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in lawns/turfSclerotinia minor Sarritor2007Granular