The Efficacy of Optimism: Benefit Finding in the Treatment of Diabetes in Iranian Patients

Table 1

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants.

Gender	Mean (SD) or number (%)
Male	9 (60%)
Female	6 (40%)
Age	47.86 ± 12
Marital status, number (%)
Married	13 (86.6%)
Single	1 (6.7%)
Widowed	1 (6.7%)
Employment, number (%)
Unemployed	3 (20%)
Employed	7 (46.7%)
Retired	5 (33.3%)
Education level, number (%)
Illiterate to under diploma	6 (40%)
diploma	3 (20%)
Graduate	6 (40%)
Type of treatment, number (%)
Oral medication	9 (60%)
Insulin	8 (53/3%)
Both medications	6 (40%)
Insurance, number (%)
Covered	15 (100%)
Not covered	0
Income
Low	5 (40%)
Medium	6 (33.3%)
High	4 (26.7%)
Duration of diabetes, mean (S.D)	8.7 ± 5.07 (1–25)
Family history
Yes	9 (60%)
No	6 (40%)
Member of the Diabetes Association
Yes	9 (60%)
No	6 (40%)