Research Article
Education and Unemployment Patterns for Young Workers with Job Experience in Spain
Table 2
Parameters estimates for the bivariate probit with sample selection: probability of not maintaining the first job and being unemployed.
| Variable | Not maintaining first job | Unemployed | Coefficient | | Coefficient | |
| Constant | 0.154 | 1.83 | −0.914 | −5.47 | Gender: female | 0.235 | 5.80 | 0.234 | 4.70 | Nationality: non-Spanish | 0.312 | 3.99 | 0.283 | 3.74 | Parents’ higher educational level (ref. compulsory education or lower) | | | | | Noncompulsory secondary or lower vocational training | 0.274 | 5.95 | −0.040 | −0.70 | University or higher vocational training | 0.107 | 2.19 | 0.016 | 0.24 | Children | | | | | Male worker | −0.025 | −0.24 | −0.349 | −2.82 | Female worker | −0.095 | −0.96 | −0.034 | −0.32 | Worker’s educational level and field of study: (ref. educational level: noncompulsory secondary; ref. field of study: general education) | | | | | Compulsory secondary or lower | 0.245 | 4.17 | 0.407 | 5.53 | Vocational training (VT) in social sciences | 0.197 | 2.41 | 0.141 | 1.41 | VT in sciences and technology | 0.110 | 1.41 | 0.102 | 1.07 | VT in health and welfare | 0.105 | 0.83 | −0.092 | −0.61 | VT in other fields | 0.326 | 3.32 | 0.176 | 1.42 | Higher vocational training | −0.068 | −1.09 | −0.137 | −1.80 | University in social sciences | 0.028 | 0.30 | −0.371 | −2.71 | University in sciences and technology | 0.006 | 0.07 | −0.447 | −3.18 | University in health and welfare | −0.189 | −1.89 | −0.978 | −5.44 | University in other fields | −0.030 | −0.34 | −0.286 | −2.16 | Long-cycle university | −0.064 | −0.94 | 0.096 | 0.85 | First job | | | | | Part-time | −0.890 | −19.11 | | | Overeducated | 0.262 | 7.62 | | | Fixed-term | 0.953 | 31.76 | | | Time since obtained first job (ref. >10 years) | | | | | Less than 2 years | −2.193 | −33.61 | | | 2-3 years | −1.335 | −23.30 | | | 4-5 years | −1.001 | −16.68 | | | 6–10 years | −0.482 | −9.10 | | | Potential experience (ref. >10 years) | | | | | Three years or less | | | 0.524 | 5.16 | 3 to 5 years | | | 0.268 | 3.32 | 5 to 10 years | | | 0.015 | 0.29 | Unemployment rate by gender in the quarter of the survey | | | 0.011 | 4.50 | GDP per capita by Autonomous Communities in 2009 | | | −0.329 | −2.66 | Activity sector (ref. primary and industry sectors) | | | | | Construction | 0.136 | 2.25 | 0.330 | 4.76 | Commerce | 0.077 | 1.57 | −0.200 | −3.25 | Transportation | 0.306 | 4.11 | −0.247 | −2.65 | Financial services | 0.255 | 3.80 | −0.084 | −1.06 | Public administration, education, and health | 0.378 | 4.82 | −0.205 | −2.53 | Other services | 0.115 | 1.41 | −0.400 | −4.08 | Civil servant | −0.351 | −4.53 | | | Regions (ref. Southwest) | | | | | Northwest | −0.186 | −3.57 | | | Northeast | −0.058 | −1.21 | | | Central | 0.097 | 2.06 | | | Southeast | 0.010 | 0.20 | | |
| Correlation coefficient | 0.239 | 3.51 | | | Number of observations | 7,850 | 4,698 |
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The quarter of the survey has been controlled in the unemployment equation.
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