Author Aim Intervention Participants
) Participation,
(%) Mant et al. (1992) [63 ] FOBT completion after intervention Group 1: posted FOBT 404 25.5 Group 2: posted FOBT and invitation to health check 397 31.7* Group 3: invitation to health check explaining that a FOBT would be offered at the appointment 402 20.6 Miller and Wong (1993) [64 ] FOBT completion after intervention Group 1: prepared FOBT kits with prepaid postage 159 74* Group 2: usual care 166 61 Freedman and Mitchell (1994) [65 ] FOBT completion after intervention Group 1: returning FOBT by hand 146 37 Group 2: returning FOBT by mail 57 Group 3: returning FOBT with prepaid postage 71* Ore et al. (2001) [66 ]
FOBT completion after intervention Group 1: mailed FOBT kit and information leaflet about CRC risks and importance of early detection 976 19.9* Group 2: FOBT kit request and information leaflet about CRC risks and importance of early detection 864 15.9
Courtier et al. (2002) [67 ]
FOBT completion after intervention Group 1: mail invitation letter together with two containers for faecal sample collection 1060 68* Group 2: visit by a trained nonhealth professional who helped to collect the faecal sample 965 75
Church et al. (2004) [17 ] Any screening test after intervention Group 1: mailed FOBT and educational brochure 1255 13.2* Group 2: same as Group 1 and phone call reminder 14.1 Group 3: just mailed FOBT 7.8
Segnan et al. (2005) [18 ] Screening FS or FOBT after intervention Group 1: mailed invitation to biennial FOBT, FOBT, instructions, educational leaflet, and 2 reminder letters 26682 30 Group 2: biennial FOBT delivered by the PCP or screening facility 28 Group 3: same as Group 1 and invitation to choose between FOBT and once only FS 27 Group 4: same as Group 1 and mailed invitation to FS 28 Group 5: same as Group 1 and invitation to FS followed by biennial FOBT 28 Jandorf et al. (2005) [50 ] CRC screening after intervention Group 1: patient navigator (written reminders, phone calls, scheduling assistance, and encouraging participation) 38 23.7* Group 2: usual care 40 5 Dietrich et al. (2006) [53 ] Any CRC screening after intervention Group 1: educational brochure and 4 support calls by prevention care managers (provided motivational support, sent reminders and FOBT, arranged transportation, etc.) 696 63* Group 2: single telephone call answering questions about screening and recommendations to order screening 694 50 Beach et al. (2007) [55 ] Any CRC screening after intervention Group 1: prevention care managers (telephone reminders, emotional support, overcoming screening barriers, and scheduling screening appointments) 528 53* Group 2: usual care 542 38 Dietrich et al. (2007) [54 ] Any CRC screening after intervention Group 1: trained bilingual outreach specialist (telephone calls recommending screening) and mailed educational material 653 25* Group 2: prevention care managers (telephone calls recommending screening and discussing barriers against screening), material about overcoming barriers, and support scheduling screening appointments 663 32 Percac-Lima et al. (2009) [42 ] Any CRC screening after intervention Group 1: introductory letter + educational material + phone or in-person contact by language-concordant navigator (community health workers) 409 27* Group 2: usual care 814 12 Sequist et al. (2009) [22 ] Any screening test after intervention Group 1: educational pamphlet, mailed FOBT with a stamped return envelope, telephone number to schedule colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy, and mailed reminder 10930 44* Group 2: usual care 10930 38.1 Potter et al. (2009) [68 ] Screening FOBT after intervention Group 1: influenza vaccination, colourful multilingual education sheet and FOBT kit, and stamped return envelope. 246 57.3 Group 2: influenza vaccination (usual care) 268 84.3 Blumenthal et al. (2010) [57 ]
CRC screening after intervention Group 1: introductory meetings and written information (CRC screening information and National Cancer Institute pamphlet) 62 17.7 Group 2: same as group 1 and 3 sessions (45 minutes) with a health educator (one-to-one) 63 22.2 Group 3: same as Group 3 but in groups of 4–14 participants (group education) 67 25.4 Group 4: same as Group 1 and financial support covering (covering screening, transportation, and other nonmedical expenses) 65 33.9*† Lasser et al. (2011) [46 ] Colonoscopy or FOBT screening after intervention Group 1: introductory letter with educational material and patient navigation-based intervention (phone calls offering CRC screening) 235 33.6*‡ Group 2: usual care 230 20 Coronado et al. (2011) [26 ]
Screening FOBT after intervention Group 1: usual care 195 2* Group 2: mailed FOBT and instructions 168 26 Group 3: same as Group 2, phone call reminder and home visit by trained community members addressing strategies for CRC screening and definition of CRC 168 31 Hoffman et al. (2011) [69 ] FOBT/colonoscopy screening after intervention Group 1: electronic medical record, and mailed gFOBT 3221 48.5* Groups 2, 3, and 4: CRC screening offered in a clinic 3184 18.6; 14.3; 18.8 Potter et al. (2011) [70 ] CRC screening during Flu campaigns Group 1: nurse offering FOBT to patients waiting for their influenza vaccination and an envelope for mailing the FOBT kits, and a reminder 1 month later 695 30.3* Group 2: usual care (only received influenza vaccination) 677 13.7
