Alternans and Spiral Breakup in an Excitable Reaction-Diffusion System: A Simulation Study

Figure 3

Time sequence illustrating the dynamical mechanism of spiral breakup in (1). The parameter settings are same as in Table 1 with . The pictures are at time (a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) . Numerical integration with space step and time step on the grid of elements. The red area represents excited state and the blue area represents the resting state of the tissue.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)