Influence of Albizia lebbeck Saponin and Its Fractions on In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics, Rumen Methanogenesis, and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics

Table 1

In  vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities (zone of inhibition in mm) of A.  lebback treatments using agar well diffusion method.

Tested microorganisms			Zone of inhibition (CSP)					Zone of inhibition (GSE)					Positive control
Types	Names	Specimen number	Concentration (µg)
			500	250	100	50	25	500	250	100	50	25
Gram-negative bacteria	Escherichia  coli	NCDC 135	7.2	4.8	3.3	1.3	nz	12.8	8.9	7.3	4.0	1.9	17.7^a
	Salmonella  Typhi	NCDC 113	3.9	2.6	1.1	nz	nz	9.2	5.9	5.7	2.8	nz	14.7^a
Gram-positive bacteria	Staphylococcus  aureus	MTCC 1144	3.4	2.1	0.9	nz	nz	7.4	6.2	5.0	2.3	nz	9.3^b
	Bacillus  cereus	NCDC 240	7.8	4.4	2.3	1.8	nz	13.3	10.1	6.3	3.3	2.0	16.7^b
Fungi	Candida  butyri	NCDC 280	0.8	nz	nz	nz	nz	3.2	1.2	nz	nz	nz	6.0^c
	Aspergillus  niger	NCDC 315	6.7	4.3	1.0	nz	nz	11.8	8.5	3.0	1.4	nz	13.2^c

Sterile broth medium as negative control.
aKanamycin sulphate (50 µg/well).
bChloramphenicol (30 µg/well).
cNystatin (50 µg/well).
Nz: No zone.