Current Trends in Bioethanol Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Substrate, Inhibitor Reduction, Growth Variables, Coculture, and Immobilization

Table 1

Ethanol production by S. cerevisiae from different substrates at varying treatment and optimization conditions.

S. cerevisiae strain	Substrate	Pretreatment	Treatment method	Enzymatic hydrolysis	Ethanol produced (g/L)	References
TISTR 5596	Mission grass	NaOH	H2SO4		16^E	[8]
MTCC 174	Rice husk	NaOH		Crude unprocessed enzyme	14	[9]
ATCC 26602	Wheat straw	H2O2		cellulase	10	[10]
SOL/M5	Leaf and stem of Dendranthema grandiflora			Crude extract from Pleurotus ostreatus	10.64	[11]
L2524a	Empty palm fruit bunch fibers	Alkali (NaOH)		Cellulase	64.2^B	[12]
TJ14	Microcrystalline cellulose			Commercial cellulase	45^B	[13]
Y5	Corn stover	Steam explosion		Cellulase and -glucosidase	50^B	[14]
ATCC 6508	Sweet potato chips			α-Amylase and glucoamylase	104.3^D	[15]
Baker yeast	Coffee pulp		Hydrolysis by H2SO4		7.4	[16]
DQ1	Corn stover	H2SO4 supplemented with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide		Cellulase	48^B	[17]
TISTR 5596	Sugarcane leaves	^AH2SO4 or Ca(HO)2		cellulase	4.71	[18]
Y5	Corn stover	Steam explosion		cellulase	40	[19]
TISTR 5596	starch cassava pulp			α-amylase and glucoamylase	9.9	[20]
TISTR 5596	lignocellulosic fiber in cassava pulp	^AH2SO4 or Ca(OH)2		Cellulase	11.9	[20]
DQ1	Corn stover ^C	steam explosion		Cellulase	55^B	[21]
ATCC 96581	Waste newspaper	sodium dodecyl sulphate		Cellulase and β-glucosidase	14.29	[22]
RCK-1	newspaper cellulosics			exoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanases with Tween 80 and CoCl2	5.64 (batch) and 14.77 (fed batch)	[23]
var. ellipsoideus	Corn meal			Heat stable α-amylase and glucoamylase	79.6^F	[24]
Baker yeast	Sticky coffee husks				13.6	[25]

A: at 121°C and 2 atm; B: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation; C: supplemented with dry distiller’s grain and solubles; D: acid hydrolyzed bloom algae powder was added under very high gravity condition (210 g/L glucose); E: Overlimed at pH 10; and F: the yeast was immobilized and the sugar concentration was 87.6 g/L.