Designing an Ultra-Negative Dispersion Photonic Crystal Fiber with Square-Lattice Geometry

<table>Im(<svg height="11.9625" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.22276pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.5375 11.9625" width="21.5375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
q42 56 97 103.5t96 71.5q46 26 74 26q9 0 16 -2.5t14 -11.5t9.5 -24.5t-1 -44t-13.5 -68.5q-30 -117 -47 -200q-4 -19 -3.5 -25t6.5 -6q21 0 70 48z" id="x1D45B"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.6,11.762)"><path d="M380 106l15 -22q-42 -52 -87 -74t-76 -22q-89 0 -142 62t-53 151q0 103 66 175q67 73 146 73h1q61 0 105.5 -46.5t44.5 -105.5q0 -16 -4.5 -22.5t-18.5 -9.5q-54 -10 -262 -17q1 -95 46 -143.5t104 -48.5q61 0 115 50zM225 412q-35 0 -64.5 -32.5t-40.5 -90.5q83 0 170 3
q14 0 19 4.5t5 15.5q1 41 -23.5 70.5t-65.5 29.5z" id="x65"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.657,11.762)"><path d="M187 566v-116h189c1.33478 44.0001 4.00146 75.3334 8 94c5.33411 24.0005 14.0008 46.3339 26 67c28 48 75 72 141 72c30.0005 0 54.8339 -5.83331 74.5 -17.5c19.6691 -11.6667 29.5024 -26.5 29.5 -44.5c0 -11.3368 -4 -21.0035 -12 -29c-8 -8 -18 -12 -30 -12
c-16 0 -31 12 -45 36c-16.0016 26 -33.6682 39 -53 39c-37.3333 -0.000915527 -56 -29.6676 -56 -89v-116h115v-32h-115v-315c0 -37.3333 5 -61 15 -71c11.3333 -10.6667 37.3333 -16.3333 78 -17v-15h-245v15c28.6667 2 47 8.33333 55 19c8.66666 10.6667 13 34 13 70v314
h-188v-314c0 -38 3.66667 -61.6667 11 -71c6.66667 -8.66667 25.6667 -14.6667 57 -18v-15h-235v15c36.6667 2 59.3333 8 68 18c10 11.3333 15 35 15 71v314h-82v32h82c1.33344 43.3338 4.0001 74.3338 8 93c4.66666 22 13.6667 44.6667 27 68c28 48 75 72 141 72
c29.3333 0 52.8333 -5.83331 70.5 -17.5s26.5 -26.5 26.5 -44.5c0 -11.3368 -4 -21.0035 -12 -29c-8 -8 -18 -12 -30 -12c-8 0 -14.1667 2.16669 -18.5 6.5s-10.8333 14.1667 -19.5 29.5c-16 26 -33.6667 39 -53 39c-37.3335 -0.000915527 -56.0001 -29.6676 -56 -89z" id="xFB00"></path></g>
</svg>) variation for the two cores of the PCFs with <svg height="11.425" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.7875 11.425" width="11.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path d="M671 0h-247v28q49 7 60 18.5t0 45.5l-155 438h-2q-21 -61 -74 -204.5t-75 -210.5q-15 -51 -4.5 -65t67.5 -22v-28h-221v28q50 9 69 26.5t45 84.5l202 517l32 9l194 -535q23 -61 42 -78.5t67 -23.5v-28z" id="x39B"></path></g>
</svg> = 1.4 <i>μ</i>m, <svg height="16.3125" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8875 16.3125" width="15.8875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M530 686q-79 -330 -126 -595q-5 -24 4 -24q22 0 77 53l16 -24q-42 -49 -88 -78.5t-72 -29.5q-37 0 -19 83l21 99h-2q-62 -83 -153 -141q-65 -41 -97 -41q-28 0 -48 31.5t-20 91.5q0 71 32.5 144t88.5 118q36 30 94 52.5t94 22.5q38 0 68 -13l29 158q7 40 2 47.5t-38 7.5
h-35l1 26q39 4 76 13.5t58.5 17t27.5 7.5q16 0 9 -26zM387 375q-11 11 -38.5 20t-51.5 9q-45 0 -79 -23q-46 -32 -77.5 -107.5t-31.5 -143.5q0 -40 9.5 -58.5t23.5 -18.5q40 0 113.5 70t99.5 118z" id="x1D451"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.5,16.25)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g>
</svg> = 1.12 <i>μ</i>m, and <svg height="16.3125" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8875 16.3125" width="15.8875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M530 686q-79 -330 -126 -595q-5 -24 4 -24q22 0 77 53l16 -24q-42 -49 -88 -78.5t-72 -29.5q-37 0 -19 83l21 99h-2q-62 -83 -153 -141q-65 -41 -97 -41q-28 0 -48 31.5t-20 91.5q0 71 32.5 144t88.5 118q36 30 94 52.5t94 22.5q38 0 68 -13l29 158q7 40 2 47.5t-38 7.5
h-35l1 26q39 4 76 13.5t58.5 17t27.5 7.5q16 0 9 -26zM387 375q-11 11 -38.5 20t-51.5 9q-45 0 -79 -23q-46 -32 -77.5 -107.5t-31.5 -143.5q0 -40 9.5 -58.5t23.5 -18.5q40 0 113.5 70t99.5 118z" id="x1D451"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.5,16.25)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g>
</svg> = 0.56 <i>μ</i>m.</table>

International Scholarly Research Notices

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Designing an Ultra-Negative Dispersion Photonic Crystal Fiber with Square-Lattice Geometry 