Safety Evaluation of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome Extract: Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies in Rats
Table 4
Absolute organ weights (g) of rats treated with Z. cassumunar extract granules in chronic oral toxicity studya.
Organ
Dose (mg/kg bw/d)
0
0.3
3.0
30
30b
11.25
112.5
1,125
1,125b
Female
Brain
1.94 ± 0.02
1.93 ± 0.03
1.98 ± 0.03
1.91 ± 0.03
1.90 ± 0.02
1.96 ± 0.03
1.93 ± 0.02
1.90 ± 0.02
1.90 ± 0.02
Lungs
2.18 ± 0.14
2.16 ± 0.15
2.43 ± 0.24
2.08 ± 0.15
2.00 ± 0.22
2.31 ± 0.27
2.29 ± 0.14
2.35 ± 0.26
2.30 ± 0.31
Heart
1.24 ± 0.03
1.31 ± 0.03
1.30 ± 0.03
1.29 ± 0.03
1.35 ± 0.06
1.31 ± 0.03
1.46 ± 0.05*
1.37 ± 0.03*
1.21 ± 0.04
Livers
9.12 ± 0.88
10.12 ± 0.21
9.84 ± 0.46
10.06 ± 0.23
10.17 ± 0.24
10.32 ± 0.31
9.77 ± 0.37
9.42 ± 0.29
9.38 ± 0.29
Spleen
0.81 ± 0.04
0.81 ± 0.04
0.84 ± 0.04
0.78 ± 0.05
0.76 ± 0.02
0.73 ± 0.04
0.70 ± 0.01*
0.74 ± 0.04
0.72 ± 0.03*
Adrenals
0.04 ± 0.00
0.06 ± 0.02
0.04 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.03 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.03 ± 0.00
Kidneys
1.32 ± 0.02
1.29 ± 0.02
1.25 ± 0.03*
1.25 ± 0.02*
1.24 ± 0.02*
1.27 ± 0.02
1.29 ± 0.02
1.28 ± 0.02
1.20 ± 0.02*
Ovary
0.06 ± 0.00
0.06 ± 0.00
0.06 ± 0.01
0.07 ± 0.00
0.06 ± 0.01
0.06 ± 0.00
0.06 ± 0.02
0.06 ± 0.00
0.05 ± 0.00
Uterus
1.36 ± 0.31
1.34 ± 0.17
1.51 ± 0.34
2.71 ± 0.53
2.31 ± 0.81
1.19 ± 0.07
1.17 ± 0.13
1.45 ± 0.29
1.33 ± 0.12
Male
Brain
2.04 ± 0.05
2.03 ± 0.03
2.05 ± 0.04
2.04 ± 0.03
2.12 ± 0.02
2.06 ± 0.02
1.98 ± 0.05
2.05 ± 0.02
2.04 ± 0.02
Lung
2.74 ± 0.31
2.79 ± 0.19
2.73 ± 0.22
3.52 ± 0.36*
2.70 ± 0.13
2.63 ± 0.27
2.79 ± 0.14
2.75 ± 0.26
2.63 ± 0.31
Heart
1.78 ± 0.03
1.70 ± 0.04
1.82 ± 0.06
1.96 ± 0.08*
2.09 ± 0.04*
1.71 ± 0.03
1.73 ± 0.05
1.77 ± 0.03
1.81 ± 0.04
Livers
17.79 ± 0.55
17.02 ± 0.92
16.77 ± 0.55
17.38 ± 1.11
18.57 ± 0.76
17.32 ± 0.31
16.77 ± 0.37
17.42 ± 0.29
17.38 ± 0.29
Spleen
1.01 ± 0.03
1.02 ± 0.04
1.00 ± 0.04
1.02 ± 0.06
1.05 ± 0.03
1.03 ± 0.04
1.07 ± 0.01*
1.04 ± 0.04
1.02 ± 0.03
Adrenals
0.03 ± 0.02
0.03 ± 0.00
0.03 ± 0.00
0.03 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.04 ± 0.00
0.03 ± 0.00
Kidneys
1.78 ± 0.05
1.88 ± 0.05
1.92 ± 0.06*
1.87 ± 0.06
2.05 ± 0.04*
1.77 ± 0.02
1.79 ± 0.02
1.88 ± 0.02
1.82 ± 0.02
Testes
2.01 ± 0.04
2.04 ± 0.02
2.02 ± 0.03
2.07 ± 0.05
2.08 ± 0.03
2.06 ± 0.03
2.08 ± 0.05
2.06 ± 0.04
2.05 ± 0.06
Epididymis
0.88 ± 0.03
0.85 ± 0.01
0.85 ± 0.02
0.83 ± 0.03
0.84 ± 0.01
0.94 ± 0.07
0.87 ± 0.03
0.95 ± 0.09
0.83 ± 0.02
Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10 for each group).
bSatellite groups were treated with Z. cassumunar extract at the indicated dose for 270 days followed by no treatment for 28 days. values < 0.05, compared to the corresponding control.
