Safety Evaluation of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome Extract: Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies in Rats
Table 5
Hematological parameters of rats treated with Z. cassumunar extract granules in chronic oral toxicity studya.
Parameter
Dose (mg/kg bw/d)
0
0.3
3.0
30
30b
11.25
112.5
1,125
1,125b
Female
WBC (×103/μL)
2.14 ± 0.26
2.45 ± 0.34
2.02 ± 0.26
2.43 ± 0.28
1.80 ± 0.21
2.17 ± 0.14
2.44 ± 0.17
2.44 ± 0.22
2.76 ± 0.35
RBC (×106/μL)
7.33 ± 0.09
7.23 ± 0.13
7.35 ± 0.12
7.33 ± 0.17
7.35 ± 0.12
7.23 ± 0.26
7.43 ± 0.16
7.37 ± 0.15
7.36 ± 0.26
HGB (g/dL)
14.80 ± 0.13
14.74 ± 0.25
14.63 ± 0.19
14.99 ± 0.28
14.88 ± 0.21
15.80 ± 0.35
15.90 ± 0.23
15.15 ± 0.21
15.78 ± 0.44
HCT (%)
44.60 ± 0.52
43.70 ± 0.76
43.80 ± 0.68
43.70 ± 1.14
43.60 ± 0.54
41.90 ± 1.46
41.80 ± 0.87
44.60 ± 0.60
45.10 ± 1.52
MCV (fL)
60.60 ± 0.25
59.98 ± 0.34
59.48 ± 0.38*
59.73 ± 0.56*
59.27 ± 0.31*
59.30 ± 0.21
59.60 ± 0.31
58.00 ± 0.33
59.20 ± 0.36
MCH (pg)
20.07 ± 0.15
20.39 ± 0.19
19.91 ± 0.12
20.47 ± 0.26
20.26 ± 0.16
17.51 ± 0.22*
19.72 ± 0.13
18.75 ± 0.13
18.04 ± 0.15
MCHC (g/dL)
33.13 ± 0.21
34.01 ± 0.32*
33.49 ± 0.23
34.30 ± 0.49*
34.18 ± 0.26*
30.51 ± 0.35*
33.73 ± 0.11
34.65 ± 0.17
33.60 ± 0.24
PLT (×105/μL)
6.77 ± 0.30
7.19 ± 0.25
6.64 ± 0.34
7.22 ± 0.52
6.62 ± 0.14
6.76 ± 0.03
6.81 ± 0.02
6.73 ± 0.02
6.71 ± 0.04
Differential count of WBC (%)
NEUT
22.80 ± 3.11
17.70 ± 3.29
18.90 ± 1.38
18.90 ± 1.53
24.50 ± 2.68
21.78 ± 0.15
21.73 ± 0.94
21.09 ± 0.10
22.07 ± 0.20
LYMPH
67.90 ± 3.08
70.90 ± 3.47
73.10 ± 1.65
74.70 ± 2.26
63.60 ± 2.49
70.28 ± 0.19
64.56 ± 0.29
63.25 ± 0.25
66.61 ± 0.23
MONO
7.00 ± 0.42
8.20 ± 0.53
8.20 ± 0.25
7.60 ± 0.65
7.40 ± 0.62
7.32 ± 0.22
7.12 ± 0.04
7.10 ± 0.03
7.08 ± 0.01
EO
2.30 ± 0.45
2.20 ± 0.65
2.80 ± 0.49
3.80 ± 0.63
2.50 ± 1.22
2.42 ± 0.00
2.03 ± 0.02
2.01 ± 0.01
2.02 ± 0.01
BASO
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
Male
WBC (×103/μL)
3.06 ± 0.29
3.24 ± 0.28
3.34 ± 0.23
3.44 ± 0.24
3.06 ± 0.30
3.54 ± 0.44
3.29 ± 0.34
3.09 ± 0.27
3.86 ± 0.56
RBC (×106/μL)
8.07 ± 0.11
8.04 ± 0.16
8.41 ± 0.12*
8.16 ± 0.11
8.45 ± 0.15*
8.04 ± 0.11
8.17 ± 0.63
8.09 ± 0.16
8.03 ± 0.11
HGB (g/dL)
15.51 ± 0.13
15.56 ± 0.16
15.92 ± 0.18
15.93 ± 0.21
15.85 ± 0.17
15.84 ± 0.20
14.62 ± 1.04
15.42 ± 0.19
15.66 ± 0.12
HCT (%)
47.10 ± 0.43
47.40 ± 0.70
48.40 ± 0.62
47.70 ± 0.52
47.80 ± 0.83
51.10 ± 0.72*
47.60 ± 3.72
47.90 ± 0.77
51.00 ± 0.54*
MCV (fL)
58.44 ± 0.48
59.03 ± 0.54
57.55 ± 0.35
58.41 ± 0.49
56.47 ± 0.18*
59.10 ± 0.31
59.30 ± 0.42
58.90 ± 0.50
57.30 ± 0.37
MCH (pg)
19.25 ± 0.19
19.40 ± 0.32
18.92 ± 0.12
19.52 ± 0.17
18.81 ± 0.35
18.35 ± 0.18
18.03 ± 0.30
18.18 ± 0.18
17.62 ± 0.11
MCHC (g/dL)
32.94 ± 0.19
32.85 ± 0.28
32.90 ± 0.15
33.43 ± 0.24
33.29 ± 0.59
31.97 ± 0.26
32.43 ± 0.54
31.89 ± 0.22
32.83 ± 0.15
PLT (×105/μL)
7.91 ± 0.16
8.19 ± 0.24
7.89 ± 0.23
7.90 ± 0.15
7.36 ± 0.21
8.09 ± 0.24
7.89 ± 0.23
7.90 ± 0.15
7.36 ± 0.21
Differential count of WBC (%)
NEUT
12.30 ± 1.22
13.00 ± 2.59
14.00 ± 1.84
15.80 ± 1.11
12.50 ± 1.78
12.22 ± 0.34
12.25 ± 0.23
12.45 ± 0.22
12.70 ± 0.27
LYMPH
72.10 ± 1.81
69.50 ± 1.43
69.80 ± 1.91
70.10 ± 0.75
74.80 ± 2.88
73.83 ± 0.29
73.88 ± 0.34
73.42 ± 0.27
74.02 ± 0.47
MONO
10.80 ± 0.93
9.50 ± 1.19
9.20 ± 0.44
10.60 ± 0.96
10.40 ± 0.72
10.09 ± 0.02
10.15 ± 0.05
10.20 ± 0.04
10.13 ± 0.04
EO
4.80 ± 0.53
3.90 ± 0.42*
4.00 ± 0.45
3.80 ± 0.54
4.30 ± 0.92
4.00 ± 0.00
4.02 ± 0.01
5.02 ± 0.01
5.01 ± 0.01
BASO
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
0.00 ± 0.00
Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10 for each group).
bSatellite groups were treated with Z. cassumunar extract granules at the indicated dose for 270 days followed by no treatment for 28 days. *P values < 0.05, compared to the corresponding control. WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; HGB, hemoglobin concentration; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelet count; NEUT, neutrophil; LYMPH, lymphocyte; MONO, monocyte; EO, eosinophil; BASO, basophil.
