A Mathematical Model for the Transmission and Spread of Drug Sensitive and Resistant Malaria Strains within a Human Population

Table 1

Parameter estimates for the malaria model.

Parameter	Description	Value	References
Λ	Recruitment rate	100	Estimate
𝑎	Average daily biting rate on man by a single mosquito	0.75	[11, 12]
𝑏	Probability that a bite infects a susceptible human	0.75	[12]
𝑐	Probability that a bite infects a susceptible mosquito	0.0083/day	[12]
𝜙	Fraction of humans infected with sensitive strains	0.7	[13]
𝛾	Per capita rate of loss of immunity in humans	0.0017/day	Estimate
𝑟𝑠	Rate at which humans with sensitive strains acquire immunity	0.0022/day	[14]
𝑟𝑟	Rate at which humans with resistant strains acquire immunity	0.00019/day	[15]
𝛿	Per capita death rate due to the disease	0.333	[16]
𝜖	Rate of evolution of drug resistance due to treatment failure	Variable/day	Estimate
𝜇ℎ	Per capita natural death rate of humans	0.00004/day	[17]
𝜆𝑣	Per capita natural birth rate of mosquitoes	0.71	[14]
𝜇𝑣	Per capita natural death rate of mosquitoes	0.05	[14]
𝑚	Number of female mosquitoes per human host	Variable	Estimate
𝜈𝑠	Treatment rate of infectious individuals with sensitive strain	0≤𝜈𝑠≤1	Estimate