A Possible Role for Pioglitazone in the Management of Depressive Symptoms in Metabolic Syndrome Patients (EPICAMP Study): A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of intent-to-treat study population.
Placebo ()
Pioglitazone ()
value
Male sex
16 (35.6%)
19 (47.5%)
.264
Age (years)
51.34 ± 9.29
51.57 ± 9.53
.909
Education
.411
Undergraduate
39 (86.7%)
36 (90.0%)
Graduate
6 (13.3%)
4 (10.0%)
Current smoker
4 (7.8%)
10 (18.9%)
.108
Waist circumference (cm)
101.74 ± 10.17
102.50 ± 9.15
.719
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
134.23 ± 21.13
130.67 ± 15.94
.409
Diastolic
85.87 ± 10.18
83.24 ± 8.43
.223
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
94.13 ± 11.04
97.97 ± 12.92
.149
Serum lipids (mg/dL)
Total cholesterol
216.07 ± 39.92
206.22 ± 31.23
.226
HDL-C
43.19 ± 8.62
41.70 ± 10.25
.478
LDL-C
119.35 ± 30.12
111.75 ± 20.81
.206
Triglycerides
201.75 ± 107.29
220.86 ± 141.53
.502
Fasting insulin (U/mL)
13.44 ± 7.96
14.13 ± 6.04
.688
HOMA-IR index
3.19 ± 2.02
3.33 ± 1.39
.748
Depression
15 (33.3%)
18 (40.9%)
.297
Psychiatric medications use
5 (11.1%)
4 (10.0%)
.678
Data are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous variables and number (percentage) of participants for categorical variables. Defined as one who regularly smoked at least one cigarette per day.
