Adolescents Smoking in the Crosslight of Other Substance Use and Parental and Peers’ Smoking Behaviors
Table 3
The results of the set of multinomial logistic regression models contrasting different smoking status. Smoking status regressed on other substance use, parental and peers’ smoking indicators, gender, and age. Models accounting for cluster design effects: regression coefficients (b), standard error (SE), -values and significance level (sig.).
Contrast condition
Lifetime abstinence
Current abstinence
Occasional smoking
SE
sig.
SE
sig.
SE
sig.
Daily smoking
Alcohol†
Light d.
1.59
0.52
3.07**
0.66
0.51
1.29ns.
0.21
0.55
0.38ns.
Drinker
3.07
0.43
7.17***
1.43
0.43
3.33**
0.31
0.47
0.66ns.
Cannabis†
Exp.
3.11
0.34
9.19***
0.85
0.28
3.05**
0.30
0.29
1.02ns.
User
5.16
0.41
12.65***
2.39
0.21
11.22***
1.48
0.22
6.71***
Parental smoking†
One
1.53
0.20
7.61***
1.06
0.18
5.79***
0.80
0.18
4.37***
Two
1.88
0.26
7.30***
1.37
0.23
5.94***
1.05
0.22
4.68***
Peer smo.‡
1.71
0.13
13.33***
1.34
0.12
11.17***
0.64
0.11
5.72***
Gender
−0.20
0.19
−1.03ns.
−0.11
0.17
−0.61ns.
−0.05
0.17
−0.26ns.
Age
0.02
0.19
0.09ns.
0.08
0.18
0.42ns.
0.36
0.18
2.00*
Occasional smoking
Alcohol†
Light d.
1.38
0.30
4.66***
0.45
0.31
1.48ns.
Drinker
2.76
0.26
10.55***
1.12
0.27
4.20***
Cannabis†
Exp.
2.81
0.24
11.54***
0.55
0.16
3.46**
User
3.69
0.37
9.86***
0.92
0.18
5.15***
Parental smoking†
One
0.73
0.16
4.58***
0.27
0.15
1.83ns.
Two
0.83
0.21
3.97***
0.32
0.17
1.82ns.
Peer smo.‡
1.08
0.07
15.28***
0.70
0.06
11.26***
Gender
−0.15
0.14
−1.06ns.
−0.06
0.13
−0.45ns.
Age
−0.34
0.16
−2.17*
−0.29
0.14
−2.08*
Current abstinence
Alcohol†
Light d.
0.92
0.13
7.36***
Drinker
1.64
0.12
14.12***
Cannabis†
Exp.
2.26
0.21
10.88***
User
2.77
0.33
8.32***
Parental smoking†
One
0.47
0.11
4.33***
Two
0.51
0.16
3.26**
Peer smo.‡
0.37
0.05
7.14***
Gender
−0.09
0.10
−0.92ns.
Age
−0.06
0.10
−0.57ns.
Remarks: †reference categories: alcohol: never drinker (versus light drinker and drinker), cannabis: never user (versus experimenter and user), and parental smoking: no parent smoke (versus one and two); ‡peer smoking is considered continuous (scale 0 to 4); *;**; ***; ns.: not significant at α = 5% level.
