Resveratrol Promotes Foot Ulcer Size Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the enrolled patients.

	Resveratrol group; (𝑛=14)	Placebo group; (𝑛=10)	𝑃 value
Age, mean (SD), years	54.0 (10.1)	59.8 (6.6)	0.07^a
Male, 𝑛	8	7	0.68^b
Duration of diabetes, mean (SD), years	15.0 (6.9)	15.2 (9.5)	0.88^a
Ulcer area, mean (SD), cm^2	6.9 (8.6)	10.4 (12.9)	0.36^a
Ulcer length, mean (SD), cm	2.7 (2.6)	2.9 (1.9)	0.44^a
Ulcer width, mean (SD), cm	1.9 (1.3)	2.7 (1.7)	0.28^a
Ulcer depth, mean (SD), cm	0.6 (0.2)	0.9 (0.7)	0.33^a
Ulcer size, mean (SD), cm^†	5.1 (3.7)	6.4 (3.9)	0.30^a
Ulcer location, 𝑛			0.93^b
Big toe	6	3
Forefoot	4	4
Heel	1	1
Midfoot	3	2
Ulcer duration, mean (SD), months	18.2 (17.1)	15.0 (11.5)	0.81^a
Wagner scale, 𝑛			0.41^b
Grade 1	9	4
Grade 2	5	6
Ulcer type			0.24^b
Neuroischemic	3	0
Neuropathic	11	10
Peak planter pressure, mean (SD), kPa	237.9 (94.6)	176.6 (43.9)	0.07^a
Hypertension, 𝑛	8	8	0.39^b
Retinopathy, 𝑛	4	2	0.66^b
Hyperlipidemia, 𝑛	8	8	0.23^b
Fasting plasma glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL	201.8 (81.8)	161.2 (72.8)	0.21^a
Serum insulin, mean (SD), μIU	10.3 (9.5)	15.8 (8.5)	0.04^a
LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL	120.1 (39.3)	139.5 (50.1)	0.31^a
HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL	36.6 (11.5)	34.6 (8.7)	0.70^a
Fibrinogen, mean (SD), mg/dL	537.5 (171.2)	568.8 (285.6)	0.93^a
C-reactive protein, mean (SD), mg/L	3.2 (3.4)	2.4 (3.2)	0.46^a
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m^2	28.0 (3.5)	29.0 (2.5)	0.50^a
Smokers, 𝑛	3	1	0.18^b
Socioeconomic status, 𝑛			0.83^b
Wealthy	1	1
Middle class	3	3
Poor	10	6

†Sum of length, width, and depth.
a𝑃 values were calculated by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test or ^bFisher’s-exact test.