Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives

Table 5

Phase-II or -III clinical trials with conventional chemotherapy in patients with unresectable CCA.

Treatment	Patients with biliary cancer	Well-diagnosed CCA patients^a	Response rate (%)	Median OS (months)	References
GEM	32	22	22	11.5	[77]
GEM	30	30	30	14	[78]
GEM	40	12	17.5	7.6	[79]
CAP	26	18	6	8.1	[80]
S-1	40	15	35	9.4	[81]
GEM + CAP	45	23	31	14	[82]
GEM + CAP	44	30	32	14	[83]
GEM + CAP	12	11	17	14	[84]
GEM + CAP	52	35	13	7	[85]
GEM + S-1	35	20	34.3	11.6	[86]
GEM + cisplatin	40	39	27.5	8.4	[87]
GEM + cisplatin	29	19	34.5	11	[88]
GEM + oxaliplatin	33	20	35.5	15.4	[89]
GEM + oxaliplatin	31	21	26	11	[90]
GEM + oxaliplatin	53	32	18.9	8.3	[91]
GEM vs	32	18	5.6	15	[92]
GEM + S-1	30	14	7.1	9.5	[92]
GEM vs	206	119	15.5	8.1	[93]
GEM + cisplatin*	204	122	26.1	11.7	[93]
GEM vs	42	25	11.9	8	[94]
GEM + cisplatin*	41	22	19.5	13	[94]
GEM + 5-FU + leucovorin	42	24	12	9.7	[95]
Irinotecan + oxaliplatin	28	28	17.9	9.2	[96]
GEMOX + CAP		41	34	12.5	[97]

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; CAPE: capecitabine; GEM: gemcitabine; GEMOX: gemcitabine + oxaliplatin; OS: overall survival; S-1: tegafur + gimeracil + oteracil potassium.
^aPatients with CCA (intrahepatic or extrahepatic) out of the total of patients included as suffering from biliary tract cancer in the clinical trial.
∗Phase-III clinical trial.