Enhancement of Methacholine-Evoked Tracheal Contraction Induced by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides Depends on Epithelium and Tumor Necrosis Factor

Figure 4

LPS-enhanced methacholine response of isolated trachea depends on the expression of TNF or TNF receptor 1 and 2. Tracheal segments were isolated from WT C57BL/6, TNF^−/−, or TNFR1R2^−/− mice and incubated with LPS (5 μg/mL for 90 min). Control tissues were obtained by incubating tracheas with saline. The contractile response to increasing concentration of methacholine was recorded using a myograph. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and are representative of 5 experiments (unpaired t-test, *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01 as compared to control).

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