| Variable | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval), |
Pharmacology 239 (85.7%) | Subgroup of pharmacology |
Surgical intervention 107 (38.4%) |
Traditional Chinese medicine 96 (34.4%) |
Nasal irrigation 95 (34.1%) | Oral medications 215 (77.1%) | Topical medications 184 (65.9%) |
| Sex | | | | | | | Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Male | 0.82 (0.41–1.64), 0.572 | 0.87 (0.50–1.55), 0.642 | 0.91 (0.55–1.50), 0.701 | 1.61 (0.98–2.65), 0.062 | 1.06 (0.64–1.76), 0.815 | 1.35 (0.81–2.24), 0.250 | Age (yr) | | | | | | | 30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 31–40 | 2.34 (0.76–7.24), 0.139 | 2.06 (0.82–5.17), 0.126 | 1.57 (0.69–3.60), 0.286 | 1.11 (0.50–2.47), 0.806 | 1.16 (0.53–2.55), 0.712 | 3.44 (1.47–8.06), 0.004 | 41–50 | 1.39 (0.52–3.77), 0.514 | 1.31 (0.56–3.07), 0.538 | 1.47 (0.65–3.33), 0.359 | 0.98 (0.44–2.18), 0.951 | 0.79 (0.36–1.74), 0.553 | 2.14 (0.91–5.03), 0.081 | 51–60 | 1.51 (0.61–3.74), 0.377 | 1.96 (0.87–4.44), 0.104 | 1.29 (0.62–2.69), 0.498 | 1.62 (0.79, 3.33), 0.192 | 0.44 (0.21, 0.94), 0.033 | 1.68 (0.76–3.73), 0.201 | 60 | 4.22 (1.27–13.98), 0.019 | 2.65 (1.10, 6.40), 0.030 | 1.48 (0.69, 3.16), 0.313 | 0.45 (0.20, 1.01), 0.052 | 0.22 (0.09–0.52), 0.001 | 0.99 (0.42–2.31), 0.973 | Body mass index (kg/m2) | | | | | | | Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Underweight | 1.19 (0.48–2.92), 0.707 | 0.87 (0.41–1.83), 0.704 | 1.25 (0.66–2.38), 0.495 | 1.28 (0.66–2.47), 0.464 | 1.24 (0.64–2.40), 0.521 | 0.85 (0.44–1.64), 0.626 | Overweight | 1.91 (0.22–16.93), 0.560 | 3.14 (0.37–26.86), 0.295 | 1.38 (0.37–5.13), 0.636 | 0.67 (0.16–2.77), 0.577 | 0.67 (0.16–2.77), 0.577 | 0.34 (0.07–1.71), 0.191 | Obese | 0.79 (0.30–2.06), 0.630 | 1.00 (0.43–2.34), 0.999 | 1.92 (0.90–4.08), 0.091 | 1.51 (0.73–3.15), 0.269 | 0.82 (0.39–1.76), 0.617 | 0.96 (0.46–2.00), 0.915 | Marital status | | | | | | | Single, divorced, widowed, or other | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Married | 0.82 (0.40–1.70), 0.594 | 0.95 (0.53–1.72), 0.865 | 1.15 (0.68–1.94), 0.594 | 0.82 (0.49–1.36), 0.443 | 0.55 (0.33–0.92), 0.022 | 0.93 (0.55–1.57), 0.791 | Educational level | | | | | | | Elementary school or below | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | High school or above | 0.25 (0.09–0.72), 0.011 | 0.46 (0.23–0.93), 0.031 | 0.44 (0.24–0.81), 0.008 | 1.07 (0.63–1.84), 0.802 | 1.93 (1.07–3.48), 0.029 | 0.89 (0.52–1.55), 0.685 | General health status | | | | | | | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Poor or fair | 4.98 (1.14–21.78), 0.033 | 1.33 (0.61–2.90), 0.476 | 3.98 (1.69–9.37), 0.002 | 0.82 (0.44–1.53), 0.525 | 1.73 (0.93–3.22), 0.086 | 1.62 (0.87–3.05), 0.130 | Very good or excellent | 0.77 (0.37–1.61), 0.482 | 0.79 (0.41–1.52), 0.475 | 0.70 (0.39–1.25), 0.223 | 0.33 (0.17–0.64), 0.001 | 0.62 (0.32–1.18), 0.146 | 0.91 (0.49–1.70), 0.772 | Smoking | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Yes | 1.98 (0.67–5.84), 0.219 | 2.87 (1.08–7.58), 0.034 | 1.26 (0.64–2.50), 0.499 | 1.37 (0.73–2.58), 0.329 | 1.37 (0.72–2.60), 0.342 | 3.26 (1.71–6.20), 0.001 | Alcohol use | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Yes | 1.72 (0.73–4.09), 0.217 | 1.64 (0.82–3.29), 0.164 | 0.67 (0.39–1.18), 0.163 | 1.06 (0.61–1.85), 0.828 | 1.58 (0.91–2.74), 0.108 | 1.61 (0.92–2.80), 0.093 | Exercise | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Yes | 1.11 (0.48–2.57), 0.811 | 1.15 (0.57–2.32), 0.695 | 1.03 (0.55–1.94), 0.924 | 0.61 (0.33–1.12), 0.112 | 1.37 (0.71–2.64), 0.350 | 0.72 (0.38–1.33), 0.287 | CRSOM-31 symptom-impact score | | | | | | | 116 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 117–205 | 3.94 (1.60–9.70), 0.003 | 2.65 (1.32–5.33), 0.006 | 2.14 (1.16–3.94), 0.014 | 0.85 (0.46–1.57), 0.604 | 1.76 (0.89–3.47), 0.106 | 1.27 (0.68–2.37), 0.462 | 205 | 2.69 (1.20–6.03), 0.016 | 2.31 (1.17–4.54), 0.016 | 2.17 (1.18–3.99), 0.012 | 1.73 (0.96–3.12), 0.066 | 5.13 (2.66–9.88), 0.001 | 1.89 (1.03–3.48), 0.041 | Etiology of rhinitis | | | | | | | Allergic rhinitis | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Yes | 1.01 (0.52–1.97), 0.979 | 0.83 (0.47–1.46), 0.516 | 1.14 (0.70–1.87), 0.603 | 0.64 (0.39–1.04), 0.070 | 1.10 (0.67–1.80), 0.720 | 0.68 (0.41–1.12), 0.126 | Deviation of nasal septum | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Yes | 0.73 (0.31, 1.72), 0.473 | 0.91 (0.43–1.91), 0.793 | 0.92 (0.48–1.80), 0.816 | 0.87 (0.45–1.69), 0.674 | 2.07 (1.08–3.95), 0.028 | 0.85 (0.43–1.70), 0.650 | Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Yes | 0.90 (0.44–1.84), 0.763 | 0.79 (0.44–1.43), 0.439 | 0.92 (0.54–1.58), 0.772 | 0.66 (0.39–1.14), 0.135 | 1.42 (0.84–2.41), 0.194 | 0.58 (0.33–1.02), 0.058 | Chronic rhinosinusitis | | | | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Without nasal polyps | 1.66 (0.78–3.52), 0.188 | 1.80 (0.96–3.37), 0.068 | 1.64 (0.95–2.84), 0.078 | 2.37 (1.34–4.19), 0.003 | 0.94 (0.54–1.63), 0.810 | 2.10 (1.18–3.75), 0.012 | With nasal polyps | 1.99 (0.71, 5.57), 0.190 | 2.16 (0.93–5.04), 0.075 | 2.54 (1.19–5.41), 0.016 | 8.69 (4.13–18.28), 0.001 | 1.30 (0.67–2.56), 0.443 | 4.88 (2.42–9.84), 0.001 |
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