Formation of the 42-mer Amyloid 𝜷 Radical and the Therapeutic Role of Superoxide Dismutase in Alzheimer's Disease

Table 1

Studies on involvement of oxidative stress in AD in vivo.

Objected mice	APP mice	Behavior	Aβ-dependent pathology	ROS marker	References
CuZn-SOD KO	Tg2576	Early memory loss	Oligomer↑, P-tau↑	8-OHdG↑, Protein carbonyls↑	Submitted
CuZn-SOD Tg^a	Tg1130H	NT	Cerebral dysfunction↓	NT	[84]^a
Mn-SOD hetero KO	Tg2576^b, J20^c, Tg19959^d	Early memory loss^c	Aβ depositions↑^c,d, P-tau↑^b,	NT	[85]^b, [86]^c, [87]^d
Mn-SOD Tg	Tg2576^e, Tg19959^f	Improved memory loss^e,f	Aβ42/ Aβ40↓ ^e, Plaque↓ ^f,	DHE↓ ^e, Catalase↑^f, Protein carbonyls↓ ^f,	[88]^e, [89]^f
COX10 KO	APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9	NT	Plaque↓, Aβ42↓	8-OHdG↓, Protein carbonyls↓	[90]
Nox2 KO	Tg2576	Improved abnormal behavior	Unchanged (Aβ42, Aβ42, plaque)	DHE↓	[91]
α-tocophenol transfer protein KO	Tg2576	NT	Aβ40↑, IDE↓	Unchanged	[92]

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; COX, cytochrome c oxidase; DHE, dihydroethidium; IDE, insulin-degrading enzyme; KO, knock out; Nox, NADPH oxidase; NT, not tested; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; PSEN, presenilin; P-tau, phosphorylated tau; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; Tg, transgenic; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased.