Postprandial Levels of Branch Chained and Aromatic Amino Acids Associate with Fasting Glycaemia

Table 1

Clinical characteristics and overnight fasting metabolic measurements in 21 participants, with standard deviation before intake of four different protein challenge tests. values are calculated using one-way ANOVA. Hyperglycaemia was defined as fasting glucose > 6.1 mM and overweight as BMI > 25.0.

	Dairy	Fish	Plant foods	Meat
Age (years)	34.5 (±9.9)				—
Sex (% female)	47.6				—
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.8 (±2.8)				—
Waist (cm)	86.1 (±9.8)
Overweight (%)	42.9
Current smokers (%)	28.6
Hyperglycaemia (%)	4.8
Insulin (pM)	39.8 (±15)	41.1 (±18)	38.5 (±15)	37.8 (±15)	0.91
HOMA-IR	1.66 (±0.74)	1.69 (±0.93)	1.51 (±0.68)	1.49 (±0.70)	0.78
Glucose (mM)	5.56 (±0.63)	5.44 (±0.53)	5.23 (±0.51)	5.26 (±0.56)	0.19
Triglycerides (mM)	0.96 (±0.64)	0.85 (±0.34)	0.91 (±0.37)	1.01 (±0.39)	0.57
Cholesterol (mM)	4.54 (±0.58)	4.45 (±0.71)	4.64 (±0.72)	4.64 (±0.73)	0.79
LDL cholesterol (mM)	2.82 (±0.63)	2.75 (±0.65)	2.91 (±0.74)	2.83 (±0.71)	0.93
HDL cholesterol (mM)	1.62 (±0.39)	1.56 (±0.37)	1.64 (±0.41)	1.65 (±0.40)	0.80
Ile (µM)	65.4 (±17.6)	59.6 (±12.9)	60.9 (±19.8)	62.5 (±12.8)	0.67
Phe (µM)	70.9 (±11.6)	67.1 (±12.4)	67.0 (±11.1)	69.5 (±13.0)	0.62
Tyr (µM)	121.6 (±26.9)	114.5 (±28.9)	129.5 (±62.0)	118.1 (±51.7)	0.73