Helmholtz Bright Spatial Solitons and Surface Waves at Power-Law Optical Interfaces

Figure 5

External refraction of a unit-amplitude (𝜂₀=1.0) spatial soliton at a nonlinear interface with 𝛼=2.0 and a nonparaxial incidence angle 𝜃_inc=30^∘ when 𝜅=2.5×10⁻³. (a) Evolution in 𝜁 of the peak amplitude |𝑢|_𝑚 of the beam. (b), (c), and (d) show the full numerical solution |𝑢(𝜉,𝜁)| of (5) when the nonlinearity exponent is 𝑞=1, 2, and 3, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)