Review Article

Violence and Warfare in Precontact Melanesia

Table 1

Leadership, violence, and warfare for selected societies in Melanesia.

Island
(group)
Area (km2)PopulationPopulation density (per km2)GovernmentInterpersonal violenceWarfare

Aoba [64, 65]
New Hebrides
40210,000
(C)
25Big Men4
(B)
4
(B)
Boang [6670]
Bismarcks
272000
(C)
74Big Men3
(B)
3
(B)
Bougainville [7, 61, 71]
Solomons
931845,000
(C)
4.8Big Men4
(A)
4
(C)
Choiseul [55, 72, 73]
Solomons
29719,000
(C)
3.0Big Men2
(C)
4
(B)
Dani [60, 61, 7483]
Papua New Guinea
31550,000
(B)
160Big Men2
(B)
4
(A)
Dobu [8486]
D’Entrecasteaux
152,000
(C)
130Big Men4
(A)
4
(A)
Erromango [87, 88]
New Hebrides
8889000
(C)
10Chiefs2
(C)
3
(B)
Gebusi [23]
Papua New Guinea
173450
(A)
2.6Egalitarian4
(A)
2
(B)
Goodenough [62, 89, 90]
D’Entrecasteaux
68710,000
(C)
15Big Men2
(C)
3
(B)
Guadalcanal [33, 53, 91]
Solomons
535315,000
(C)
2.8Big Men1
(C)
2
(C)
Kiriwina [13, 56, 57, 92, 93]
Trobriands
2678,000
(B)
30Chiefs2
(C)
2
(B)
Lifou [9497]
Loyalty Islands
11465,700
(B)
5.0Chiefs2
(C)
3
(A)
Mae Enga [42, 52, 60, 61]
Papua New Guinea
52030,000
(B)
58Big Men4
(A)
4
(A)
Malaita [7, 4347, 54, 98101]
Solomons
383665,000
(C)
17Big Men4
(A)
4
(B)
Malakula [7, 58, 102104]
New Hebrides
20419,000
(C)
4.4Ranked4
(C)
4
(B)
Manus [105109]
Admiralty Islands
194015,000
(C)
7.7Big Men4
(C)
4
(B)
Mare [9496]
Loyalty Islands
6574,300
(B)
6.5Chiefs4
(C)
4
(B)
Maring [15, 40, 41, 59, 61, 63, 110112]
Papua New Guinea
4907,000
(B)
14Big Men2
(C)
2
(B)
Nendo [113115]
Santa Cruz
5063,600
(C)
7.1Big Men3
(C)
3
(C)
New Britain [116120]
Bismarcks
35,145100,000
(C)
2.8Big Men4
(B)
4
(C)
New Caledonia [7, 9, 20, 4851, 121, 122]16,64870,000
(C)
4.2Chiefs3
(C)
3
(B)
New Georgia [7, 123127]
Solomons
20377,200
(C)
3.5Big Men4
(B)
4
(B)
Ouvea [9496]
Loyalty Islands
1342,500
(B)
19Chiefs4
(C)
4
(B)
San Cristobal [46, 128, 129]
Solomons
319110,000
(C)
3.1Big Men4
(B)
4
(A)
Santa Isabel [125, 130132]
Solomons
36655,500
(C)
1.5Big Men4
(C)
4
(C)
Simbo [124, 127, 133135]
Solomons
3400
(B)
130Big Men4
(C)
4
(A)
Tanna [16, 88, 136, 137]
New Hebrides
55012,000
(C)
22Big Men4
(A)
4
(A)
Tubetube [138140]
Daloloia Group
2.4400
(B)
170Big Men4
(C)
4
(B)
Vokeo [32, 3439, 141]
Schouten Group
40930
(A)
23Headmen1
(A)
1
(B)
Yela [142, 143]
Louisiades
2631500
(B)
5.7Big Men4
(B)
1
(B)