Modulation Instability of Ion-Acoustic Waves in Plasma with Nonthermal Electrons

Figure 5

Plot of growth rate versus wave number 𝑘 for different values of ion temperature (𝜎_𝑖). Curves labelled a, b, and c correspond to 𝜎_𝑖=0.0012, 0.0024, and 0.0036, respectively. 𝜒=0.001, 𝜎_𝑝=0.01, and 𝛽=0.001.