Determining the Impact of the AM-Mycorrhizosphere on “Dwarf” Sunflower Zn Uptake and Soil-Zn Bioavailability

Table 3

AM root colonization.

Soil-Zn (mg kg^−1 DS)	Sphere treatments	Fungal structures
		Hyphae		Vesicles		Arbuscules
		% Frequency	% Root length	% Frequency	% Root Length	% Frequency	% Root length
0	Hyphosphere	28.5 (1.7)	50.5 (10.9)^a	21.0 (3.1)	36.5 (8.8)	21.5 (2.9)	26.0 (1.8)^a
	Mycorrhizosphere	29.0 (6.2)	57.5 (4.8)^a	25.5 (7.3)	29.0 (3.3)	17.5 (3.2)	30.0 (2.0)^a
50	Hyphosphere	34.0 (8.6)	56.3 (2.8)^a	22.0 (2.6)	27.5 (6.3)	27.5 (3.3)	32.5 (2.5)^a
	Mycorrhizosphere	26.5 (5.6)	30.0 (4.1)^b	23.5 (3.0)	30.0 (4.1)	13.8 (4.4)	25.0 (2.9)^a
200	Hyphosphere	22.0 (5.2)	29.5 (10.0)^ab	19.5 (5.6)	29.5 (5.0)	20.5 (5.1)	28.5 (1.5)^a
	Mycorrhizosphere	32.5 (3.8)	21.5 (14.5)^ab	9.5 (3.4)	21.5 (6.5)	18.5 (3.0)	16.3 (2.4)^b
400	Hyphosphere	30.5 (7.7)	35.0 (6.5)^ab	22.5 (4.6)	35.0 (6.5)	19.5 (3.9)	25.0 (6.5)^ab
	Mycorrhizosphere	33.5 (5.2)	30.5 (10.5)^ab	17.5 (4.9)	20.5 (3.9)	24.5 (5.7)	31.3 (3.1)^a
𝐹-values and levels of significance
	Soil-Zn (Zn)	0.94^ns	0.28^ns	2.13^ns	0.64^ns	0.17^ns	1.55^ns
	Sphere Treatments (S)	0.04^ns	0.55^ns	0.67^ns	3.31^ns	1.62^ns	0.98^ns
	ZnxS	0.27^ns	3.16*	1.41^ns	0.86^ns	1.78^ns	3.47*
	Block	0.17^ns	1.63	3.99*	2.44^ns	0.83^ns	0.13^ns

Means (𝑛=4) and SE (inside parentheses) are shown.
Shared letters within each column designate treatments that are not significantly different according to Bonferonni and Scheffé mean comparison tests.
“ns” nonsignificant; ^∗𝑃<.05.