Genetic Structure of the Invasive Tree Ailanthus altissima in Eastern United States Cities

Table 1

Twenty-eight Ailanthus city populations sampled and the associated summary gene diversity statistics based on five nuclear microsatellite markers.

Tate	City	𝑁𝐻	𝑁𝐴	𝑛	𝐴	𝐻𝑒	𝐻𝑜	𝑓
AL	Huntsville	158.2	11	11	4	0.632	0.582	0.083
†CA/UT/CO	Sacramentoa	181.5	17	16.6	4	0.685	0.627	0.087∗∗
IL/IN	Chicagob	2,035.80	24	20.8	4.6	0.692	0.728	−0.055
KY	Louisville	256.2	17	16.6	4.2	0.682	0.683	−0.001
MD	Baltimorec	377.6	24	22.8	4	0.663	0.587	0.116∗∗
OH	Cleveland	478.4	20	19.8	3.6	0.662	0.626	0.056
	Dayton	166.2	20	20	4.8	0.664	0.58	0.129∗∗
^†PA	Philadelphia	1,517.60	20	18.2	3.6	0.637	0.656	−0.031
	Pittsburgh	334.6	23	22.8	3.8	0.605	0.596	0.016
TN	Nashville	545.5	26	25	4	0.639	0.671	−0.050
TX	Austin	656.6	15	14.6	3.6	0.615	0.741	−0.212∗
VA	Harrisonburg	40.5	21	21	4	0.664	0.524	0.215∗∗
	Lexington	6.9	15	15	3.8	0.576	0.573	0.005
	Roanoke	94.9	26	24.8	4.4	0.659	0.653	0.01
	Wytheville	7.8	18	17.2	3.6	0.532	0.515	0.031
WV	Buckhannon	5.7	23	22.8	4.2	0.632	0.651	−0.029
	Charleston	53.4	22	21	3.6	0.598	0.526	0.121∗∗
	Clarksburg	16.7	22	21.6	4.4	0.661	0.639	0.034
	Harpers Ferryd	1.2	21	20.4	3.8	0.675	0.578	0.147∗∗
	Hartland	0.1	17	15.8	3.8	0.617	0.585	0.054
	Huntington	51.4	20	19.8	4.4	0.685	0.589	0.144∗∗
	Lewisburg	3.6	14	12.2	3.4	0.537	0.328	0.399∗∗
	Mahan	0.1	20	18.6	2.8	0.459	0.354	0.232∗∗
	Martinsburg	15	20	19.4	3.8	0.633	0.619	0.022
	Morgantown	26.8	25	25	3.8	0.592	0.504	0.152∗∗
	Parkersburg	33.1	20	19.2	4	0.693	0.6	0.137∗∗
	Sharon	0.1	19	18.4	4.2	0.609	0.591	0.03
	Welche	4	19	19	4.2	0.617	0.642	−0.043
MEAN		252.5	20	19.3	3.9	0.629	0.591	0.062

AL, Alabama; CA, California; CO, Colorado; IL, Illinois; IN, Indiana; KY, Kentucky; MD, Maryland; OH, Ohio; PA, Pennsylvania; TN, Tennessee; TX, Texas; UT, Utah; VA, Virginia; WV, West Virginia.
𝑁_𝐻, human individuals in city ×1,000 (2000 Census); 𝑁_𝐴, Ailanthus individuals sampled from this city; 𝑛, sample size for estimate of genetic parameters; 𝐴, number of alleles per locus; 𝐻_𝑒, expected heterozygosity; 𝐻_𝑜, observed heterozygosity; 𝑓, inbreeding coefficient.
∗ 𝑃<.05, ∗∗ 𝑃<.01 one-sided test of departure from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
†, likely points of introduction into the United States between 1750 and 1850.
a, Sacramento, CA (5); Pleasant Grove, UT (1); Provo, UT (2); Springville, UT (2); Denver, CO (5); Fort Collins, CO (1); Greeley, CO (1).
b, Illinois, western Chicago suburbs (15); Indiana: West Lafayette, IN (9).
c, Baltimore, MD (13); Frederick, MD (8); Annapolis, MD (3).
d, Harpers Ferry, WV (13); Charles Town, WV (8).
e, Welch, WV (15); Bluefield, WV (3); Keystone, WV (1).