Morphoanatomical and Biochemical Changes in the Roots of Rice Plants Induced by Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms
Table 2
Root diameter, cortex and exodermis thickness, lacunae aerenchyma area (μm2), vascular cylinder diameter (μm), and number of protoxylem poles and metaxylem vessel elements of rice roots obtained from seeds microbiolized with PGPMs, 21 days following sowing.
Treatment
Root diameter (μm)
Cortex thickness (μm)
Exodermis thickness (μm)
Aerenchyma lacunae (μm2)
Vascular cylinder diameter (μm)
Number of protoxylem poles
Number of metaxylem vessel elements
TrichodermaAsperellum
(1)
375.05 ± 59.60(2) c(3)
159.16 ± 17.03 b
12.1 ± 1.07 a
9.77 × 106 ± 18.99 × 103 a
229.6 ± 26.97 a
18.66 ± 6.11 a
3.66 ± 1.10 a
Burkholderia pyrrocinia + Pseudomonas fluorescens
373.94 ± 70.98 c
161.13 ± 14.09 b
13.28 ± 0.48 a
9.76 × 106 ± 0.55 × 103 a
221.4 ± 80.92 ab
20.00 ± 1.90 a
4.00 ± 1.90 a
B. pyrrocinia
456.63 ± 13.37 a
197.28 ± 11.10 a
12.3 ± 0.80 a
9.70 × 106 ± 18.9.93 × 103 ab
229.6 ± 26.97 a
19.00 ± 1.90 a
4.33 ± 1.10 a
P. fluorescens
369.37 ± 49.53 c
155.48 ± 3.43 b
11.8 ± 1.07 a
9.72 × 106 ± 3.80 × 103 ab
213.0 ± 53.95 ab
18.00 ± 3.80 a
4.66 ± 1.10 a
T. asperellum + B. pyrrocinia + P. fluorescens
411.11 ± 63.51 b
174.32 ± 15.58 b
12.79 ± 0.80 a
9.68 × 106 ± 0.38 × 103 bc
205.0 ± 26.97 ab
17.33 ± 2.90 a
2.33 ± 1.10 b
Control (water)
303.81 ± 46.22 d
130.13 ± 12.32 c
7.38 ± 0.96 b
9.61 × 106 ± 0.76 × 103 c
180.4 ± 26.97 b
13.00 ± 7.60 b
2.00 ± 1.90 b
T. asperellum (mix of four isolates: T-06, T-09, T-12, and T-52). Standard error ( ≤ 0.05). Averages followed by the same letter within the same column were not significantly different according to Duncan’s test ( ≤ 0.05) at 15 and 21 days following sowing. Number of samples = 20. Measurements were performed using a millimetric eyepiece in a MOTIC BA-400 light microscope.
