The Fate of Integrated Ri T-DNA rol Genes during Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis in Tylophora indica
Table 3
Morphological comparison of somatic embryo derived variant Ri-transformed plant lines obtained from callus lines A428/C and A426/C with nontransformed (NT) and typical Ri-transformed plants.
Morphological descriptors
NT plants
Typical Ri-transformed plants
Variant Ri-transformed plant lines
Plant line A428#2 (callus line A428/C)
Plant line A428#1-V (callus line A428/C)
Plant line A426#1-V (callus line A426/C)
Plant line A426#2-V (callus line A426/C)
Plant line A426#3-V (callus line A426/C)
Shoot length (cm)
10 ± 1.30
6.9 ± 0.36
12.23 ± 0.92
11.3 ± 0.47
11.30 ± 0.82
10.93 ± 1.05
Number of nodes/plant
4.5 ± 1.04
9.33 ± 0.58
4.67 ± 0.58
5.33 ± 0.57
5.0 ± 1.0
4.67 ± 0.58
Internode length (cm)
2.34 ± 0.12
0.73 ± 0.15
2.13 ± 0.23
2.23 ± 0.20
2.20 ± 0.26
2.20 ± 0.20
Number of leaves/plant
9.5 ± 1.76
18.67 ± 1.15
9.33 ± 1.15
10.67 ± 1.15
10.0 ± 2
9.33 ± 1.15
Leaf wrinkling
Absent
Present
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Length of leaf (cm)
3.99 ± 0.32
2.27 ± 0.25
3.73 ± 0.20
3.57 ± 0.35
3.13 ± 0.32
3.2 ± 0.20
Petiole length (cm)
0.83 ± 0.05
0.37 ± 0.06
0.73 ± 0.05
0.77 ± 0.05
0.73 ± 0.11
0.73 ± 0.14
Axillary shoots
Absent
Present
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Aerial roots
Absent
Present
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Number of primary roots/plant
4.67 ± 1.03
7.67 ± 0.58
4.67 ± 0.59
5.00 ± 1.00
4.67 ± 0.58
5.68 ± 0.57
Root length (cm)
36 ± 2.84
17.56 ± 2.49
34 ± 1
35.31 ± 2.51
32.4 ± 2.62
34.6 ± 4.5
Lateral root density (number of lateral roots/cm)
0.89 ± 0.27
2.53 ± 0.30
0.58 ± 0.34
0.67 ± 0.20
0.46 ± 0.13
0.52 ± 0.16
Root ageotropism
Absent
Present
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Values represent mean ± SD; for each plant line 30 clones were used and each experiment was repeated three times (). Means with the same letter in a row were not significantly different at according to ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
