Plant-Based Vaccines: Production and Challenges

Table 1

The plant-based vaccines production for human and animal diseases.

Diseases	Pathogens	Plants	Transformation method	References
Diarrheal	Norwalk virus	Nicotiana benthamiana	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	[8]
Diarrheal	ETEC	Corn		[61]
Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Arabidopsis thaliana	Agrobacterium	[62]
Avian H5N1 influenza	HA protein of H5N1	Nicotiana benthamiana	Agrobacterium	[2]
Dengue	Dengue virus type 2 E glycoprotein (EIII)	Nicotiana tabacum cv. MD609	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	[10]
Rabies	Rabies virus	Nicotiana benthamiana, tomato	Agroinfiltration	[63]
Hepatitis B	HBsAg	Tomato	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	[42]
Foot and mouth disease	FMDV	Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan II		[64]
Gaucher disease	Taliglucerase alfa	Carrot	Stable transformation	[65]
Nerve agents attack	Acetylcholinesterase	Tobacco	PEGylated	[66]
Diabetics	Insulin	Safflower	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	[5]
Human immunodeficiency	HIV	Tobacco	Agroinfiltration	[67]
Bluetongue	Bluetongue virus	Nicotiana benthamiana	Agroinfiltration	[68]
Ebola	ebola virus	Nicotiana benthamiana	Agroinfiltration	[69]

ETEC: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; HA: hemagglutinin; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; FMDV: foot and mouth disease virus.