In Search of Biomarkers for Idiopathic Scoliosis: Leptin and BMP4 Functional Polymorphisms
Table 2
Odds ratios of genotypes and alleles in different subgroups with idiopathic scoliosis (IS).
Subgroup
Gene, polymorphism
Genotype, allele
value
OR [95% CI]
General ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.38 0.39
1.37 [0.68–2.76] 1.17 [0.82–1.67]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.62 0.58
1.21 [0.57–2.56] 1.11 [0.77–1.58]
AIS ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.38 0.40
1.41 [0.65–3.03] 1.19 [0.80–1.77]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.24 0.23
1.67 [0.70–3.98] 1.28 [0.85–1.91]
Familial history of IS ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.23 0.23
2.08 [0.61–7.06] 1.43 [0.79–2.60]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.19 0.15
3.42 [0.7–16.86] 1.57 [0.85–2.91]
Cobb angle >40° ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.63 0.65
1.20 [0.56–2.58] 1.09 [0.74–1.61]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
1 1
1.01 [0.46–2.26] 1.02 [0.69–1.50]
Thoracic scoliosis ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.86 1
1.07 [0.47–2.45] 1.02 [0.66–1.56]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.29 0.19
1.60 [0.67–3.82] 1.34 [0.86–2.07]
S-shaped scoliosis ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.79 0.84
1.16 [0.40–3.38] 1.06 [0.60–1.86]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.92 0.92
1.07 [0.31–3.64] 1.02 [0.58–1.80]
Males ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
1 0.82
1.16 [0.21–6.56] 1.07 [0.45–2.50]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.70 0.46
1.45 [0.28–7.64] 1.39 [0.58–3.37]
Females ()
Leptin rs7799039
AA vs. GG A vs. G
0.30 0.31
1.50 [0.69–3.25] 1.23 [0.83–1.82]
BMP4 rs4898820
TT vs. GG T vs. G
0.79 0.79
1.12 [0.48–2.63] 1.06 [0.71–1.57]
A value of was considered to be statistically significant. BMP4 indicates bone morphogenetic protein 4; AIS: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
