Holistic Diagnosis of Rising Damp and Salt Attack in Two Residential Buildings in Kumasi, Ghana

Table 2

Results for ionic contents of mortar samples from Case  1.

Height of sample	Cations					Anions
	Na^+	NH4^+	K^+	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	F^−	Cl^−	Br^−	NO2^−	NO3^−	PO4^2−	SO4^2−
Depth 0–25 mm
300	0.022	0.000	0.013	0.010	0.060	0.001	0.065	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.110
600	0.036	0.000	0.027	0.001	0.068	0.000	0.082	0.000	0.000	0.014	0.000	0.103
900	0.086	0.000	0.039	0.003	0.106	0.005	0.086	0.000	0.000	0.018	0.000	0.165
Control	0.012	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.012	0.002	0.006	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.015
Rank of ions at height 900 mm	2nd	5th	3rd	4th	1st	4th	2nd	5th	6th	3rd	7th	1st
Depth 25–50 mm
	Na^+	NH4^+	K^+	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	F^−	Cl^−	Br^−	NO2^−	NO3^−	PO4^2−	SO4^2−
300	0.032	0.000	0.013	0.006	0.035	0.005	0.061	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.052
600	0.039	0.000	0.016	0.008	0.069	0.001	0.063	0.000	0.000	0.015	0.000	0.107
900	0.042	0.000	0.029	0.003	0.086	0.004	0.107	0.000	0.000	0.016	0.000	0.144
Control	0.018	0.000	0.019	0.002	0.019	0.003	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.016
Rank of ions at height 900 mm	2nd	5th	3rd	4th	1st	4th	2nd	5th	6th	3rd	7th	1st
Depth 50–75 mm
	Na^+	NH4^+	K^+	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	F^−	Cl^−	Br^−	NO2^−	NO3^−	PO4^2−	SO4^2−
300	0.023	0.002	0.014	0.003	0.032	0.000	0.070	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.109
600	0.047	0.000	0.014	0.004	0.088	0.002	0.077	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.115
900	0.056	0.000	0.016	0.006	0.093	0.002	0.084	0.000	0.000	0.023	0.000	0.165
Control	0.018	0.000	0.013	0.005	0.008	0.003	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.006
Rank of ions at height 900 mm	2nd	5th	3rd	4th	1st	4th	2nd	5th	6th	3rd	7th	1st

Note: the italic rows indicate the concentration of the ions at the maximum height of visible dampness (900 mm).