Holistic Diagnosis of Rising Damp and Salt Attack in Two Residential Buildings in Kumasi, Ghana

Table 3

Results for ionic contents of mortar samples from Case  2.

Height of sample	Cations					Anions
	Na^+	NH4^+	K^+	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	F^−	Cl^−	Br^−	NO2^−	NO3^−	PO4^2−	SO4^2−
Depth 0–25 mm
300	0.018	0.000	0.016	0.005	0.057	0.001	0.008	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.018
600	0.021	0.000	0.020	0.002	0.097	0.001	0.039	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.056
900	0.091	0.014	0.046	0.001	0.197	0.001	0.069	0.000	0.000	0.085	0.000	0.263
control	0.006	0.003	0.014	0.007	0.005	0.000	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.019
Rank of ions at height 900 mm	2nd	4th	3rd	5th	1st	4th	3rd	5th	6th	2nd	7th	1st
Depth 25–50 mm
	Na^+	NH4^+	K^+	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	F^−	Cl^−	Br^−	NO2^−	NO3^−	PO4^2−	SO4^2−
300	0.007	0.000	0.014	0.002	0.149	0.001	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.015
600	0.010	0.000	0.020	0.004	0.189	0.001	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.046
900	0.082	0.000	0.028	0.005	0.010	0.000	0.073	0.000	0.000	0.040	0.000	0.222
Control	0.018	0.000	0.017	0.001	0.004	0.001	0.013	0.000	0.000	0.014	0.000	0.016
Rank of ions at height 900 mm	1st	5th	2nd	4th	3rd	4th	2nd	5th	6th	3rd	7th	1st
Depth 50–75 mm
	Na^+	NH4^+	K^+	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	F^−	Cl^−	Br^−	NO2^−	NO3^−	PO4^2−	SO4^2−
300	0.005	0.000	0.014	0.005	0.062	0.001	0.009	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.014
600	0.020	0.000	0.025	0.003	0.086	0.001	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.011	0.000	0.070
900	0.056	0.003	0.032	0.002	0.063	0.000	0.065	0.000	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.183
Control	0.017	0.000	0.017	0.001	0.011	0.000	0.012	0.000	0.000	0.013	0.000	0.004
Rank of ions at height 900 mm	2nd	5th	3rd	4th	1st	4th	2nd	5th	6th	3rd	7th	1st

Note: the italic rows indicate the concentration of the ions at the maximum height of visible dampness (900 mm).