An Overview on the Field of Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Synthetic Peptide-Based Vaccines

Table 1

Examples of EMA- and/or FDA-approved vaccines based on micro- and nanoparticulated delivery systems. MF59 and AS03 are squalene- and tocopherol-based o/w emulsions, respectively. AS04 is composed of monophosphoril lipid A and alum. Virosomes are composed of viral-derived phospholipid bilayers, and virus-like particles (VLPs) are viral capsids lacking genetic material.

Vaccine	Delivery system	Indication	Reference
Recombivax	Alum	Hepatitis B	[17]
Engerix B	Alum	Hepatitis B	[18, 19]
Tripedia, Infanrix, DAPTACEL	Alum	Diphteria, Tetanus and Pertussis	[16]
Fluad	MF59	Influenza/pandemic flu	[20]
Pandemrix	AS03	Pandemic flu	[21]
Fendrix	AS04	Hepatitis A	[24]
Epaxal	Virosomes	Hepatitis A	[22]
Inflexal	Virosomes	Influenza	[23]
Cervarix	AS04 + VLPs	Human papillomavirus	[25, 26]
Gardasil	VLPs + Alum	Human papillomavirus	[27]