|
| Type of technology | Role | Advantages |
|
| Alum | (i) Depot
(ii) Activation of inflamasome and IL-1β release | (i) Enhances antibody responses |
|
| Emulsions | (i) Promote antigen uptake by DCs
(ii) Strong immunostimulatory activity | (i) Allows reduction of antigen dose |
| (ii) Well tolerated |
| (iii) Useful in children |
| (iv) Mixed Th1/Th2 responses |
|
| Polymeric MPs and NPs | (i) Enhance IL-1β secretion by DCs | (i) Biodegradable and biocompatible |
| (ii) Release during long time periods |
| (iii) Modulation of the delivery: continuous, by pulses, or triggered by several factors (pH, temperature, ionic strength, electric or magnetic fields) |
| (iv) Elicit humoral and cellular immunity |
|
| Liposomes | (i) Passive targeting
(ii) Tendency to interact with macrophages | (i) CD4+, CD8+ and CLT immune responses |
| (ii) Modulation of the immune response using different lipids |
|
| VLPs | (i) Taken up by APCs and MHC class I and II presentation | (i) Incorporation of peptides produced by recombination, or chemically coupling them once the VLP is formed |
| (ii) Potent humoral and cellular immune responses |
|
| Virosomes | (i) Enter cells through receptor mediated endocytosis | (i) Membrane fusion properties of the virus are maintained |
| (ii) Humoral and CTL responses |
| (iii) Value for developing multivalent vaccines |
|
| ICOMs and ISCOMATRIX | (i) Antigen carrier
(ii) Immunostimulation (because of the saponin) | (i) Potent humoral and cellular immune responses |
| (ii) Reduction of the antigen dose |
| (iii) Safe and well tolerated |
|
| Nanobeads | (i) Depends on the size: small ones elicit CD8+
immune response, whereas larger ones facilitate
CD4+ responses | (i) Humoral and cellular immune responses |
|
