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| Vehicle | Vehicle description | Navigation device | Target location | Cancer type |
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| Bionanocapsules | A bionanocapsule (BNC) is a hollow nanoparticle consisting of an approximately 100 nm diameter liposome with about 110 molecules of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen L protein embedded as a transmembrane protein. | Chlorotoxin | MMP-2 protein | Brain tumor |
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| Enzyme-based cancer imaging agents | Dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitor (DASSI) radiotracers |
11C-labelled inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (sulfamate derivatives) | Enzymes of the “sulfatase pathway”, particularly steroid sulfatase | Breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancer |
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| Cytotoxic drugs coupled to OATP-substrates or OATP-directed antibodies | Substrates of membrane-located OATP isoforms, selectively expressed in cancer cells, for example, microcystins as substrates for OATP1B3 | Selective ligands for OATP for example, microcystins
or OATP-directed antibodies in cancer cells | Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) | Gastrointestinal tract, breast, prostate, lung, brain, bladder, kidney, liver, testis |
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| Lipid-based nanoparticles | Genuine particles (approx 100 nm in dimension) assembled from varieties of lipid and other chemical components that act collectively to overcome biological barriers (biobarriers) | Bona fide biological receptor specific ligands | | |
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PEGylated Span 80 vesicles PEGylated Span 80 vesicles with immobilized ESA
| Span 80 is a heterogeneous mixture of sorbitan mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-esters | Lectin-sugar binding protein (Eucheuma serra agglutinin) | Sugar chains on the tumor cell-surface | Osteosarcoma |
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| Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes | Liposomes composed of DSPG,
DSPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG-2000 | A triple-helical sequence derived from type IV
collagen | CD44/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan | CD44-overexpressing tumor cells |
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| Mannan | Oxidized or reduced mannan, a poly-mannose, conjugated to cancer antigen | Mannan | Mannose receptor | Adenocarcinoma |
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