Evaluation of the Ecological Impact of Human Settlement on the Water Quality of Lower Cross River, Nigeria
Table 2
(a) Pearson correlation coefficient among the physical and chemical parameters of the Lower Cross River at station 1 (January–August, 2011). (b) Pearson correlation coefficient among the physical and chemical parameters of the Lower Cross River at station 2 (January–August, 2011). (c) Pearson correlation coefficient among the physical and chemical parameters of the Lower Cross River at station 3 (January–August, 2011).
(a)
Parameters
Water temperature
Transparency
Water level
TDS
TSS
TS
Flow velocity
Electrical conductivity
pH
Alkalinity
Dissolved oxygen
BOD
COD
Nitrate
Sulphate
Phosphate
Water temperature
1
Transparency
0.822**
1
Water level
−0.931**
−0.868**
1
TDS
−0.811*
−0.702
0.621
1
TSS
0.354
0.279
−0.271
−0.273
1
TS
−0.806*
−0.697
0.617
0.999**
−0.239
Flow Velocity
−0.890**
−0.578
0.793*
0.768*
−0.361
0.762*
1
Electrical conductivity
−0.411
−0.391
0.267
0.684
0.039
0.692
0.296
1
pH
0.263
−0.027
−0.059
−0.632
−0.219
−0.646
−0.448
−0.415
1
Alkalinity
−0.662
−0.568
0.610
0.602
−0.825*
0.578
0.646
0.185
−0.158
1
Dissolved oxygen
0.575
−0.302
−0.362
−0.577
−0.151
−0.589
−0.396
−0.450
0.483
−0.102
1
BOD
0.029
−0.442
0.075
0.139
−0.130
0.143
−0.144
0.263
0.221
−0.169
0.363
1
COD
−0.928**
−0.900**
0.856**
0.850**
−0.398
0.843**
0.748*
0.612
−0.163
0.644
−0.478
0.249
1
Nitrate
−0.939**
−0.909**
0.911**
0.799*
−0.351
0.793**
0.764*
0.576
−0.121
0.626
−0.437
0.240
0.989**
Sulphate
−0.962**
−0.862**
0.875**
0.863**
−0.370
0.857**
0.800*
0.605
−0.231
0.647
−0.559
0.128
0.990**
0.984**
1
Phosphate
−0.965**
−0.858**
0.885**
0.846**
−0.370
0.840**
0.822*
0.577
−0.203
0.628
−0.526
0.149
0.988**
0.986**
0.996**
1
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.
(b)
Parameters
Water temperature
Transparency
Water level
TDS
TSS
TS
Flow velocity
Electrical conductivity
pH
Alkalinity
Dissolved oxygen
BOD
COD
Nitrate
Sulphate
Phosphate
Water temperature
1
Transparency
0.817*
1
Water level
−0.939**
−0.788*
1
TDS
−0.714*
−0.469
0.865*
1
TSS
−0.024
−0.185
−0.039
−0.221
1
TS
−0.714*
−0.469
0.865**
1.000**
−0.220
1
Flow Velocity
−0.171
−0.423
0.294
0.136
−0.226
0.136
1
Electrical conductivity
−0.817*
−0.616
0.901**
0.965**
−0.161
0.965**
0.099
1
pH
0.473
−0.396
−0.616
−0.778*
0.015
−0.778**
0.076
−0.807*
1
Alkalinity
−0.353
−0.254
0.393
0.473
−0.110
0.473
0.545
0.450
−0.122
1
Dissolved oxygen
0.873**
0.751*
−0.798*
−0.458
−0.243
−0.458
−0.090
−0.562
0.399
0.006
1
BOD
0.524
−0.350
−0.472
−0.130
−0.308
−0.130
−0.047
−0.108
−0.182
0.126
0.708*
1
COD
−0.903**
−0.908*
0.821*
0.607
0.107
0.607
0.123
0.782*
−0.562
0.274
−0.761*
−0.234
1
Nitrate
−0.904**
−0.921**
0.814*
0.574
0.117
0.574
0.135
0.753*
−0.529
0.244
−0.781*
−0.268
0.998*
1
Sulphate
−0.904**
−0.890**
0.820**
0.622
0.143
0.623
0.104
0.795*
−0.575
0.317
−0.750*
−0.223
0.997**
0.992**
1
Phosphate
−0.968**
−0.846**
0.898**
0.715*
0.035
0.715*
0.126
0.856**
−0.586
0.362
−0.808*
−0.318
0.971**
0.965**
0.975**
1
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.
**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.
(c)
Parameters
Water temperature
Transparency
Water level
TDS
TSS
TS
Flow velocity
Electrical conductivity
pH
Alkalinity
Dissolved oxygen
BOD
COD
Nitrate
Sulphate
Phosphate
Water temperature
1
Transparency
0.634
1
Water level
−0.702
−0.392
1
TDS
−0.713*
−0.627
0.695
1
TSS
−0.164
−0.532
0.111
0.136
1
TS
−0.714*
−0.627
0.695
1.000**
0.139
1
Flow Velocity
−0.421
−0.374
0.704
0.299
0.161
0.299
1
Electrical conductivity
−0.791*
−0.583
0.801*
0.914**
0.042
0.914**
0.316
1
pH
0.558
0.345
−0.645
−0.896**
0.108
−0.895**
−0.057
−0.857**
1
Alkalinity
−0.638
−0.695
0.507
0.655
0.226
0.655
0.214
−0.815*
−0.466
1
Dissolved oxygen
0.612
0.378
−0.662
−0.601
−0.290
−0.601
−0.060
−0.804*
0.620
−0.762*
1
BOD
0.407
−0.046
−0.501
0.069
0.081
0.069
−0.750*
−0.105
−0.225
−0.082
0.063
1
COD
−0.909**
−0.625
0.532
0.781*
0.145
0.781*
0.104
0.852**
−0.645
0.787*
−0.723*
−0.102
1
Nitrate
−0.925**
0.698
0.544
0.773*
0.214
0.773*
0.134
0.842**
−0.638
0.783*
−0.720*
−0.090
0.992**
1
Sulphate
−0.911**
−0.663
0.585
0.802*
0.147
0.802*
0.169
0.890**
−0.665
0.838**
−0.749*
−0.129
0.994**
0.988**
1
Phosphate
−0.944**
−0.597
0.655
0.821*
0.129
0.821*
0.215
0.893**
−0.708*
0.754*
−0.747*
−0.192
0.986**
0.978**
0.989**
1
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.
