[Retracted] Macro-Micro Study on Mechanical Properties of Frozen Fine Sandstone Based on DEM Mathematical Model

Table 1

Parameters of sandstone particle flow model.

Temperature (°C)	Contact stiffness (×10^6 kPa)		Bond strength (×10^6 kPa)		Coefficient of friction	Pb_emod
	Normal	Tangent	Pb_coh	Pb_ten
20	108	108	356	256	0.50	158
-2	118	118	426	316	0.43	188
-5	128	128	456	336	0.41	208
-8	148	148	476	356	0.39	248
-11	168	168	506	376	0.35	268
-15	178	178	526	396	0.31	278