Schur, Hermite-Hadamard, and Fejér Type Inequalities for the Class of Higher-Order Generalized Convex Functions

Ma, Yi; Saleem, Muhammad Shoaib; Bashir, Imran; Xiao, Yeliang

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8575563

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Volume 2022 | Article ID 8575563 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8575563

Schur, Hermite-Hadamard, and Fejér Type Inequalities for the Class of Higher-Order Generalized Convex Functions

Yi Ma,¹Muhammad Shoaib Saleem,²Imran Bashir,²and Yeliang Xiao³

Academic Editor: Muhammad Gulzar

Received18 Mar 2022

Accepted16 May 2022

Published11 Jun 2022

Abstract

The study of convex functions is an interesting area of research due to its huge applications in pure and applied mathematics special in optimization theory. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study a more generalized class of convex functions. We established Schur (S), Hermite-Hadamard (HH), and Fejér (F) type inequalities for introduced class of convex functions. The results presented in this paper extend and generalize many existing results of the literature.

1. Introduction

The study of convexity is very simple and ordinary concept and very important due to its massive applications in industry and business; convexity has a great influence on our daily life. In the solution of many real-world problems, the concept of convexity is very decisive. Problems faced in constrained control and estimation are convex. Geometrically, “the convex function is a real-valued function if the line segment joining any two of its points lies on or above the graph of the function in Euclidean space” [1, 2].

The inequality theory is a best way to understand and apply convexity and the following HH inequality for a C-function is most famous and most studied inequality in recent years;

There are many interesting generalizations for HH inequality, for example, see [3, 4]. Alp et al. [5] established –HH inequalities and gave quantum estimates for midpoint type inequalities via convex and quasi–C-functions. Rahman et al. [6] presented certain fractional proportional integral inequalities via C-functions. Liu et al. [7] established the several HH type inequality via C-function for –Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. In [8], Farid et al. established certain inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals in more general form via C-functions and proposed some applications of their established results. Tunc [9] studied –C-functions and presented Ostrowski-type inequalities via –C-functions. He also proposed applications of his established Ostrowski-type inequalities to special means. Set et al. [10] established the HH’s inequality for some C-functions via fractional integrals. They also presented some other resulted results in the setting of fractional integrals.

Moreover, Avci, Kavurmaci, and Özdemir in [11] established the HH type for the class of –C-functions in 2nd sense which is more generalized convexity. The exponentially –C-functions were investigated by Rashid et al., in [12]. Different kinds of inequalities for exponentially –C-functions were also established in the same paper. In [13], Baloch and Chu investigated harmonic C-functions and established Petrovic-type inequalities. Sun and Chu [14] studied –C-functions and established inequalities for the generalized weighted mean values. Ali, Khan, and Khurshidi [15] investigated –C-functions and established HH inequality for fractional integrals. Chu et al. [16] generalized the HH type inequalities for MT–C-functions and a variant of Jensen-type inequality for harmonic C-functions was given in [17].

The strongly C-function is one of the important functions of convexity, see [4, 18–21]. A function is strongly C-function if holds and is modulus value.

Convexity is being generalized day by day using different methods, In this work, we discuss the convexity of higher order. For the generalization and different application of convexity, see for instance [22–24].

Convex function in the classical sense is introduced as where and .

A function on close set is said to be a higher-order strongly convex, if there exists a constant , such that where , , and

If we put , then (4) becomes strongly C-function in classical sense with same as defined in (5).

It is noticed that the function in (5) is not modified. Characterizations of the higher-order strongly C-function discussed in [25] are not correct. Mohsen et al. [26] modify for the higher-order strongly C-function. Noor and Noor [27] generalized the concept of higher-order strongly convex defined in [26] by higher-order strongly generalized C-functions. For more detailed survey, we refer the readers to [28] and references therein.

Saleem et al. [29] extended the concept of higher-order strongly generalized C-function by introducing generalized strongly –C-functions of higher order. The generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order are studied in this paper.

In this paper, we introduced the generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order and establish some well-known inequalities. Motivation of this work is to improve and extend the existing results. As stated in the remarks of this paper, many existing results can be derived from our results.

This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 contains definitions, Section 3 contains some basic results, and Section 4 contains HH, F, and S type inequalities for the generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order.

2. Definitions and Basic Results

The first part of this paper contains basic definitions of convexity.

Definition 1 (Additive). A function is additive when see [30] for detail.

Definition 2 (Super multiplicative function) [31]. A mapping is super multiplicative function when

Definition 3. Non-negatively homogeneous. A function is said to be non-negatively homogeneous if and

The definition of –C-function is given in [32], which was generalized by Noor et al. in [33] as modified –C-function. Later on in [34], the class of generalized strongly modified –C-function. The class of generalized strongly C-functions of higher order was introduced in [27] and generalized strongly –C-functions of higher order were introduced in [29]. Motivated by these innovations, the extended version of higher order strongly convexity, which is generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order, is introduced in this paper as follows:

Definition 4. Generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order. A function is said to be generalized strongly modified – convex of higher order if holds for all , and .

The class of all generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order is denoted by GSMPHCF.

Remark 5. (1)By taking , and in (7), we get the definition of modified convex function(2)By taking and in (7), we get the definition of C-function(3)By taking and in (7), we get the definition of generalized strongly convex function(4)By taking in (7), we get the definition of generalized strongly p convex functionHence, in the light of the above remark, our definition is more generalized than all exiting notions.

Now, we establish some basic properties.

Proposition 6. Consider is non-negatively homogeneous and additive and the functions are in GSMPHCF, then f is also in GSMPHCF.

Proof. It is cleared that is always greater than because and using this fact we can show that fg is in GSMPHCF.

Proposition 7. Consider the functions , on are non-negative and . If is generalized strongly modified –C-function of higher order, then is also generalized strongly modified –C-function of higher order.

Proof. The proof is straight forward.

Proposition 8. Suppose a class of functions be in GSMPHCF where for every and is non-negatively homogeneous and additive then their linear combination is also in GSMPHCF.

Proof. Let the linear combination Set , so In this proof, we have used a straight forward result that is always greater than when for every .

3. Hermite-Hadamard (HH), Fejér (F), and Schur (S) Type Inequalities

In this section, we present Hermite-Hadamard, Fejér, and Schur type inequalities for the new notion of convexity introduced in this paper.

3.1. S Type Inequality

Firstly, we present Schur type inequality.

Theorem 9. Let and be the super multiplicative function, where be a bi-function for appropriate . Then, for , such that , the following inequality holds if and only if is in GSMPHCF.

Proof. Let , such that and , then as is super multiplicative.
Suppose , by definition of , we have Inserting , and in inequality (12), we obtain, Multiplying (13) by and using the fact that is super multiplicative, we get For conversely insert , , and in inequality (10) and using the fact that is super multiplicative function such that we get implies The prove is completed.

Remark 10. (1)For , (10) reduced to S type inequality for function defined in [29].(2)For , and , (10) reduced to S type inequality for modified –C-function, see [33].

3.2. HH Type Inequality

Here we present Hermite–Hadamard type inequality.

Theorem 11. Let in GSMPHCF defined on with , then

Proof. Choose and , then Implies Integrating with respect to on [0,1], we get Implies Putting , we get Implies Now, Taking we get Similarly, From inequalities (25) and (26), we have This implies Implies Inequalities (23) and (29) assure to proof.

Remark 12. (1)For and , (17) reduced to HH type inequality for modified –C-function, see [33].(2)For , (17) reduced to HH type inequality for function defined in [29].(3)For , and ,(17) reduced to HH type inequality for C-function in classical sense

3.3. F Type Inequality

This subsection contains Fejér type inequality.

Lemma 13. Consider be in GSMPHCF and , then where and .

Proof. Let be in GSMPHCF then for , we get

Theorem 14. Let be in GSMPHCF and be integrable and symmetric w.r.t , where , then we have where

Proof. Let be a generalized strongly modified –C-function of higher order where and , then where , so Now, if , then So, Similarly, if then Adding inequalities (36) and (37), where is symmetric, then Now, for , we have Inequalities (34) and (39) assure to proof.

Remark 15. (1)For , this F type inequality reduced to F type inequality for the function defined in [29].(2)For and , this F Type inequality reduced to F type inequality for the function defined in [33].(3)For , , and , this F type inequality reduced to F type inequality for C-function in classical sense

4. Conclusions

In this paper, we introduced the notion of generalized strongly modified –C-functions of higher order and established HH, F, and S type inequalities. Many existing results can be derived from our results. Our results are applicable in pure and applied mathematics especially in optimization theory. For applications point, we refer to the readers [35–38].

5. Future Directions

It will be interesting to introduce a new and more generalized version of the convexity. The inequalities established in this paper can be further extended for different versions of fractional integral operators.

Data Availability

All data required for this paper is included within this paper.

Conflicts of Interest

We do not have any competing interests.

Authors’ Contributions

Y.M. wrote the final version of the paper and verified the results and arranged the funding for this paper. M.S.S. proposed the problem and supervised this work. I.B. proved the main results of the paper and Y.X. wrote the first version of the paper.

Acknowledgments

This research is funded by the School of General Education, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian 116023, China. This research is supported by Department of Mathematics, Univeristy of Okara, Okara Pakistan.

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Copyright © 2022 Yi Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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