Application of the Fuel-Optimal Energy Management in Design Study of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Table 1

Vehicle parameters.

Parameter	Description	Value
	Air density	1.202
	Aerodynamic drag coefficient	0.32
	Effective frontal area	2.13
	Dynamic tire and wheel radius	0.282 m]
	Rolling resistance coefficient	0.015
	Vehicle base mass	1000 kg
	Transmission ratio
	Transmission efficiency	0.95
	Regeneration efficiency	0.3