Gender Differences in the Association between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Later Life

Table 2

Growth curve model estimates for childhood SES, adult SES, and total memory score by gender.

	Female	Male	-statistics
	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)	value
Fixed effects
Intercept (at age 75)	9.558 (0.155)	8.021 (0.170)
Father’s education (low)	−0.050 (0.089)	0.047 (0.101)
Father’s education (missing)	−0.028 (0.115)	0.102 (0.148)
Mother’s education (low)	−0.178 (0.090)	−0.142 (0.105)
Mother’s education (missing)	−0.355 (0.122)	−0.273 (0.148)
Father’s occupation (blue-collar)	−0.147 (0.088)	−0.369 (0.100)
Father’s occupation (missing)	−0.168 (0.118)	−0.192 (0.146)
Childhood financial status (average)	−0.240 (0.072)	−0.203 (0.081)
Childhood financial status (well-off)	−0.273 (0.156)	−0.334 (0.164)
Respondent’s education	0.197 (0.013)	0.217 (0.013)
Respondent’s household income	0.123 (0.025)	0.203 (0.032)
Age	−0.148 (0.014)	−0.108 (0.017)
Father’s education (low) ∗ age	0.016 (0.012)	−0.009 (0.015)
Father’s education (missing) ∗ age	0.028 (0.016)	0.009 (0.023)
Mother’s education (low) ∗ age	−0.019 (0.012)	0.009 (0.015)
Mother’s education (missing) ∗ age	−0.036 (0.017)	−0.017 (0.022)
Father’s occupation (blue-collar) ∗ age	−0.001 (0.012)	−0.014 (0.015)
Father’s occupation (missing) ∗ age	0.007 (0.016)	−0.013 (0.021)
Childhood financial status (average) ∗ age	−0.004 (0.010)	−0.017 (0.012)
Childhood financial status (well-off) ∗ age	−0.027 (0.021)	−0.052 (0.024)
Respondent’s education ∗ age	−0.006 (0.002)	−0.007 (0.002)
Respondent’s household income ∗ age	0.000 (0.003)	0.006 (0.005)
Random effects
Between-person variation	3.715 (0.111)	3.374 (0.122)
Covariance	−0.008 (0.008)	−0.010 (0.009)
Linear change	0.000 (0.000)	0.000 (0.000)
Within-person variation	6.622 (0.067)	5.510 (0.069)
Pseudo -square
Level-1 (within-person)	.090	.073
Level-2 (between-person)	.234	.286

Adjusted for all covariates.
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