Research Article
Gender Differences in the Association between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Later Life
Table 3
Growth curve model estimates for cumulative SES and total memory score by gender.
| | | Female | Male | -statistics | | | Estimate (SE) | Estimate (SE) | value |
| | Fixed effects | | | | | Intercept (at age 75) | 9.275 (0.126) | 7.659 (0.135) | | | Cumulative SES | 0.424 (0.035) | 0.584 (0.040) | | | Age | −0.160 (0.005) | −0.135 (0.006) | | | Cumulative SES ∗ age | −0.008 (0.005) | −0.012 (0.006) | | | Sociodemographic factors | | | | | Non-Hispanic black | −1.261 (0.101) | −0.966 (0.128) | | | Hispanic | −1.125 (0.140) | −0.997 (0.168) | | | Divorced/separated | 0.028 (0.106) | 0.085 (0.137) | | | Widowed | −0.306 (0.057) | −0.348 (0.078) | | | Never married | −0.369 (0.189) | −0.374 (0.225) | | | Health factors | | | | | Childhood health (good/fair/poor) | −0.140 (0.075) | −0.206 (0.088) | | | Self-rated health (fair/poor) | −0.163 (0.050) | −0.110 (0.056) | | | Number of ADLs | −0.030 (0.023) | −0.101 (0.029) | | | Number of IADLs | −0.617 (0.027) | −0.475 (0.036) | | | Number of depressive symptoms | −0.010 (0.012) | −0.026 (0.015) | | | Number of chronic health conditions | −0.326 (0.020) | −0.291 (0.022) | | | Health behaviors | | | | | Never smoker | −0.391 (0.107) | −0.015 (0.129) | | | Former smoker | −0.339 (0.102) | −0.038 (0.108) | | | Never drinker | −0.348 (0.052) | −0.361 (0.056) | | | Heavy drinker | −0.050 (0.092) | 0.078 (0.099) | | | Engaging in physical activity | 0.576 (0.045) | 0.514 (0.047) | |
| | Random effects | | | | | Between-person variation | 3.998 (0.117) | 3.751 (0.131) | | | Covariance | −0.009 (0.008) | −0.015 (0.010) | | | Linear change | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | | | Within-person variation | 6.622 (0.067) | 5.512 (0.069) | |
| | Pseudo -square | | | | | Level-1 (within-person) | .090 | .073 | | | Level-2 (between-person) | .179 | .210 | |
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