A Cosmological Model Based on a Quadratic Equation of State Unifying Vacuum Energy, Radiation, and Dark Energy

Figure 4

Evolution of the density 𝜌 with the time 𝑡 in linear scales. The dashed line corresponds to the standard radiation model of Section 3.2 exhibiting a finite time singularity at 𝑡=0. Quantum mechanics limits the rise of the density to the Planck value 𝜌_𝑃=5.16⋅10⁹⁹g/m³.