A Sustainable Manufacturing Strategy from Different Strategic Responses under Uncertainty

Table 2

Coding system of the elements of the problem structure.

Decision components	Decision elements	Code
Goal	Develop sustainable manufacturing strategy	A
Corporate strategy	Sustainable businesses	D1
	Commitment to sustainability	D2
Business strategy	Market-oriented	E1
	Technology-oriented	E2
Manufacturing strategy	Sustainable manufacturing strategy	F
Strategic responses	Stakeholder-oriented	G1
	Market-oriented	G2
	Sustainability-oriented	G3
Manufacturing decision categories	Process technology	C1
	Facilities	C2
	Capacity	C3
	Vertical integration	C4
	Organization	C5
	Manufacturing planning and control	C6
	Quality	C7
	New product introduction	C8
	Human resources	C9
Policy areas	Process choice	C11
	Technology	C12
	Process integration	C13
	Facility size	C21
	Facility location	C22
	Facility focus	C23
	Capacity amount	C31
	Capacity timing	C32
	Capacity type	C33
	Direction	C41
	Extent	C42
	Balance	C43
	Structure	C51
	Reporting levels	C52
	Support groups	C53
	System design	C61
	Decision support	C62
	Systems integration	C63
	Defect prevention	C71
	Monitoring	C72
	Intervention	C73
	Rate of innovation	C81
	Product design	C82
	Industrialization	C83
	Skill level	C91
	Pay	C92
	Security	C93
	Job shop	C111
	Batch	C112
	Continuous	C113
	Project	C114
	Robotics	C121
	Flexible manufacturing system	C122
	Computer-aided manufacturing	C123
	Cellular	C131
	Process	C132
	Product	C133
	One big plant	C211
	Several smaller ones	C212
	Close to market	C221
	Close to supplier	C222
	Close to technology	C223
	Close to competitor	C224
	Close to source of raw materials	C225
	Product groups	C231
	Process types	C232
	Life cycle stages	C233
	Fixed units per period	C311
	Based on inputs	C312
	Based on outputs	C313
	Leading	C321
	Chasing	C322
	Following	C323
	Potential	C331
	Immediate	C332
	Effective	C333
	Forward	C411
	Backward	C412
Policy options	Horizontal	C413
	Sources of raw materials	C421
	Distribution to final customers	C422
	Low degree	C431
	Medium degree	C432
	High degree	C433
	Functional	C511
	Product groups	C512
	Geographical	C513
	Top	C521
	Middle	C522
	First line	C523
	Large groups	C531
	Small groups	C532
	Make-to-order	C611
	Make-to-stock	C612
	Close support	C621
	Loose support	C622
	High degree	C631
	Low degree	C632
	High quality	C711
	Low degree	C712
	High frequency	C721
	Low frequency	C722
	High frequency	C731
	Low frequency	C732
	Slow	C811
	Fast	C812
	Standard	C821
	Customized	C822
	New processes	C831
	Follow-the-leader policy	C832
	Specialized	C911
	Not specialized	C912
	Based on hours worked	C921
	Quantity/quality of output	C922
	Seniority	C923
	Training	C931
	Recognition for achievement	C932
	Promotion	C933