Temperature Control in Spark Plasma Sintering: An FEM Approach

Table 2

Measured and calculated temperatures (°C). The “%’’ column gives the difference between both of them (temperatures in K). Grey line: experimental temperature taken as reference (percentage is zero and without meaning). (a) TiAl, (b) Al₂O₃, (c) SiC.

(a)

	Measurements	Calculations	%
r = 32	1190	1190	—
r = 9	1330 ± 20	1297	−2.06
r = 0	1327 ± 20	1302	−2.17

(b)

		Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Stage 4			Stage 5
		Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%
ℎ=0	r = 22	190	190	—	364	364	—	536	536	—	693	693	—	829	829	—
	r = 16	193	191	−0.4	379	366	−2.0	557	541	−1.9	718	704	−1.4	872	849	−2.0
	r = 11	190	191	+0.2	382	368	−2.1	564	548	−1.9	736	718	−1.8	904	875	−2.5
	r = 6	196	192	−0.9	400	371	−4.3	596	555	−4.7	789	732	−5.4	989	902	−6.9
𝑟=22	ℎ=+5	196	190	−1.3	392	364	−4.2	586	536	−5.8	772	693	−7.6	964	831	−10.8
	ℎ=−10	196	190	−1.3	392	364	−4.3	579	537	−4.9	768	695	−7.0	950	834	−9.5

(c)

		Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Stage 4
		Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%	Meas.	Calc.	%
ℎ=0	𝑟=22	583	583	—	750	750	—	939	939	—	1133	1133	—
	𝑟=13	622	589	−3.7	783	763	−1.9	1000	963	−2.9	1233	1172	−4.1
	𝑟=0	600	590	−1.1	800	769	−2.9	1078	976	−7.5	1350	1191	−9.8