Grey Forecast Model with Aging Fractional Accumulation and Its Properties

Table 4

The predicted values of twelve models.

Model	Russia			Singapore
	MAPE	MAE	RMSE	MAPE	MAE	RMSE
TGM (1, 1)	9.23	20.83	23.64	1.39	1.28	1.78
Original GM (1, 1)	12.04	49.77	52.17	15.48	14.44	14.45
Optimized GM (1, 1)	11.95	49.8	51.18	15.48	14.44	14.45
Original NGBM (1, 1)	57.21	250.43	256.94	14.85	13.9	14.98
Optimized NGBM (1, 1)	10.07	44.86	48.14	1.63	1.51	1.88
ARIMA	25.29	104.66	109.39	0.3	0.28	0.38
BPN	9.46	43.62	53.28	2.35	8.72	8.83
Optimized GMp (1, 1)	10.09	45.43	50.64	1.58	1.48	1.48
Original F-GM (1, 1)	17.32	76.29	79.39	5.65	5.31	7.15
Optimized F-GM (1, 1)	17.34	76.32	79.3	5.67	5.34	7.47
Optimized F-GMp (1, 1)	13.19	52.21	65.27	2.89	2.72	3.85
F-OGMp (1, 1)	6.12	27.44	30.05	1.35	1.26	1.39