Advances in Barycentric Interpolation Methods and their Applications
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Qian Ge, Xiaoping Zhang, "Linear Barycentric Rational Method for Two-Point Boundary Value Equations", Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2021, Article ID 8874432, 5 pages, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8874432
Linear Barycentric Rational Method for Two-Point Boundary Value Equations
Abstract
Linear barycentric rational method for solving two-point boundary value equations is presented. The matrix form of the collocation method is also obtained. With the help of the convergence rate of the interpolation, the convergence rate of linear barycentric rational collocation method for solving two-point boundary value problems is proved. Several numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.
1. Introduction
The analysis of many physical phenomena and engineering problems can be reduced to solving the boundary value problem of differential equation, most of which need to be solved by the numerical method. The barycentric interpolation method is a high precision calculation method, and a strong form of collocation that relies on differential equation, which has been studied extensively by many scholars. The linear barycentric rational method (LBRM) [1–3] has been used to solve certain problems such as delay Volterra integro-differential equations [4], Volterra integral equations [5–7], biharmonic equation [8], beam force vibration equation [9], boundary value problems [10], heat conduction problems [11], plane elastic problems [12], incompressible plane elastic problems [13], nonlinear problems [14], and so on [1, 15].
In this article, we pay our attention to the numerical solution of two-point boundary value problems:
Let the interval be partitioned into uniform part with and with its related function . For any , with , to be the interpolation function at the point , then we have , andwhere
Change the polynomial into the Lagrange interpolation form as
Combining (7) and (5) together, we getwhere and .
Then we getwhere its basis function is
For the equidistant point, its weight function is
The Chebyshev point of the second kind isand its weight function is
Consider the barycentric interpolation function asand the numerical scheme is given as
By using the notation of the differential matrix, equation (13) is denoted as matrices in the form ofwhere .
Equation (13) is written as matrices in the form ofwhere and . Using interpolation formulas, boundary conditions can be discretized into
2. Convergence and Error Analysis
With the error function of difference formulaandwhere . Taking the numerical scheme
Combining (20) and (1), we havewhere .
The following Lemma has been proved by Jean-Paul Berrut in [13].
Lemma 1 (see [13]). For defined in (18), we haveLet be the solution of (1) and is the numerical solution, then we haveand
The results can be obtained in the reference of [14].
Based on the above lemma, we derive the following theorem.
Theorem 1. Let , and , we have
Proof. As , whereandPutting column 2, column 3, column n added to column 1, we havewhich means the matrix is the singular matrix.
Similarly we haveand then we assume with , , where. .
Bywhich meanswhere is the element of matrix .
Then we haveThe proof is completed.
We know that the central difference method can achieve quadratic convergence and the convergence order is the same as that of d = 3. When d >3, the convergence of the barycentric rational method is better than that of the central difference method.
3. Numerical Example
Example 1. Consider the two-point boundary value:and its analysis solution isIn this example, we consider the two-point boundary value equations with the boundary condition . In Table 1, the convergence rate of equidistant nodes with different is ; in Table 2, the convergence rate of the Chebyshev point of the second kind with different is . From Theorem 1, the convergence rate is , and there are no convergence rates as . Here the convergence rate is and in Tables 1 and 2 for , respectively, and we will give exact analysis in other paper.
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Example 2. Consider the two-point boundary value.with the boundary conditionand its analysis solution isIn this example, we consider the variable coefficient of two-point boundary value equations with the boundary condition . In Table 3, the convergence rate of equidistant nodes with different is ; in Table 4, the convergence rate of the Chebyshev point of second kind with different is .
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4. Concluding Remarks
In this paper, the numerical approximation of linear barycentric rational collocation method for solving two-point boundary value equations is presented. The matrix form of the algorithm is given for the simple calculation; with the help of Newton formula, the error function of the convergence rate is also obtained. For the constant coefficient and variable coefficient of two-point boundary value equations, numerical results show that the convergence rate can reach for the equidistant nodes and for the Chebyshev point of the second kind with . For the special case of , there are still convergence rates with , and the analysis of this phenomenon will be presented in other papers.
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgments
The support from the Nature Science Foundation of Shandong (No. ZR2019PA021) is gratefully acknowledged.
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Copyright
Copyright © 2021 Qian Ge and Xiaoping Zhang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.