Conversion of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural: Mathematical Solution with Experimental Validation

Figure 1

Plots of oxalic acid-catalysed conversion of fructose in water solvent. Reaction conditions: 1.0 M oxalic acid with 1.0 M fructose in 50 ml deionized water; FUR: fructose; HMF: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; LA: levulinic acid; HUM; humin.