Muscle Contributions to <svg     style="vertical-align:-4.47125pt;width:33.462502px;" id="M1" height="20.262501" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 33.462502 20.262501" width="33.462502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,14.638)"><path id="x4C" d="M495 163l30 -6q-19 -99 -36 -157h-453v28q63 5 77.5 20t14.5 78v400q0 63 -13 77t-75 19v28h261v-28q-61 -5 -74.5 -19t-13.5 -77v-395q0 -41 5 -59t18 -25q24 -13 96 -13q85 0 112 31q30 33 51 98z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,12.125,20.012)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,19.657,20.012)"><path id="x2D" d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,25.243,20.012)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
l-26 -65h-233z" /></g>

		
	
</svg> Joint Rotational Stiffness following Sudden Trunk Flexion and Extension Perturbations

<table>The mean and standard deviations of the sEMG onset timings for each recorded muscle (ms).</table>

Journal of Medical Engineering

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Muscle Contributions to <svg     style="vertical-align:-4.47125pt;width:33.462502px;" id="M1" height="20.262501" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 33.462502 20.262501" width="33.462502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,14.638)"><path id="x4C" d="M495 163l30 -6q-19 -99 -36 -157h-453v28q63 5 77.5 20t14.5 78v400q0 63 -13 77t-75 19v28h261v-28q-61 -5 -74.5 -19t-13.5 -77v-395q0 -41 5 -59t18 -25q24 -13 96 -13q85 0 112 31q30 33 51 98z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,12.125,20.012)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,19.657,20.012)"><path id="x2D" d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,25.243,20.012)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
l-26 -65h-233z" /></g>

		
	
</svg> Joint Rotational Stiffness following Sudden Trunk Flexion and Extension Perturbations 

Journal of Medical Engineering

Muscle Contributions to Joint Rotational Stiffness following Sudden Trunk Flexion and Extension Perturbations

Figure 4