Biochemical steps and corresponding proteins involved in homologous recombination in eukaryotes. Left hand side of the figure shows the different steps involved in the process and the corresponding proteins responsible for the process are shown on the right. The double strand break introduced in one of the two homologous DNA molecules is subjected to nucleolytic processing by MRX/MRN complex to expose ends. With the help of RPA, Rad52, Rad54, Rad55, Rad57, and Rad51/Dmc1, the ssDNA locates the complementary region on homologous DNA molecule resulting in strand invasion followed by strand exchange. Rad54 helps in branch migration. The ends are used as primers for new DNA synthesis at gap site. Resulted Holliday junction is resolved to generate repaired molecules.
