Type of NP Size and form Experimental design/genotoxic tests Summary of findings References Carbons C60 0.92βm2/g surface area Ames test No mutagenic response, Shinohara et al.; 2009 [17 ] C60 polyhydroxylated CHO-K1 cells No genotoxicity at all doses (11β221
π
M) MrdanoviΔ et al., 2009 [24 ] C60 nanospheres Mouse primary embryo fibroblasts Increased mutation yield and induces kilo-based pair deletion mutations in transgenic mouse cells. - Xu et al.; 2009 [25 ] SWCNT nanotubes Human lymphocytes in culture CBMN test No genotoxicity effects but SWCNT induces mitotic inhibition Szendi and Varga; 2008 [19 ] MWSCNT agglomerates V79 cells treated for 18βh and 30βh at 2.5, 5 and 10
π
g/mL. No mutagenic or clastogenic effects Wirnitzer et al., 2009 [26 ] MWSCNT nanotubes Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains, and on Escherichia coli WP2uvrA strain, in presence and in absence of the metabolic activation system S9 No mutagenic effects Di Sotto et al.; 2009, [27 ] C60 0.7βnm (C60) 0.9β1.7βnm (SWCNT) 14βnm (CB) FE1-muta trademark mouse lung epithelial cell line comet assay No cell death. Slower proliferation and cell-cycle arrest at G1 with SWCNT. Jacobsen et al., 2008 [28 ] Metals Alumina
A
l
2
O
3
) bare Human primary fibroblasts over 5 days At 24βh,
A
l
2
O
3
increase micronucleus binucleated cells, chromosomal loss, gain, and polyploidy. Tsaousi et al.; 2010, [29 ] Co 20βnm Balb/3T3 cells at 1β100
π
M dose concentrations. Significant results for CBMN and comet assay but no dose-dependency. Ponti et al.; 2009 [30 ] Co 100β500βnm Peripheral blood leulocytes at 24, 48βh timepoints in 10β5 M and 10β4 M dose concentrations Induces DNA damage Colognato et al.; 2008 [31 ]
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l
2
O
3
T
i
O
2
nanoparticles CHO-K1 cells MN frequencies increase at 0.5 and 1
π
g/mL TiO2 and 0.5β10
π
g/mL AL2O3.
π
g/mL TiO2 treatment, and at 1β25
π
g/mL
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l
2
O
3
Di Virgillio et al.; 2010 [32 ]
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i
O
2
rutile/anatase Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS 2B) with 1β100
π
g/cm2 at 24, 48, and 72βh. Both induce DNA damage at all treatment times. Only nanosize rutile increase frequency of MN cells at 10, 60
π
g/cm2 , 72βh. Falck et al.; 2009 [33 ]
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i
O
2
with p,pβ²-DDT Human embryo L-02 hepatocyte 0.01, 0.1, 1
π
g/mL treatment concentrations
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2
enhances Shi et al.; 2010 [34 ]
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2
2β30βnm (mean at 15βnm) NIH3T3 human fibroblasts HFW cells Short-term increased cell survival and growth. Long-term G2 /M delay and slower cell-division with aberrant multipolar spreads. Overall disturbance in cell-cycle progression, duplicate Huang et al.; 2009 [35 ] Cell-cycle analysis
T
i
O
2
F
e
2
O
3
anatase <100βnm Human lung fibroblasts IMR-90 and BEAS-2B cells
T
i
O
2
treatment showed no DNA breakage, DNA adduct nor free radical generation.
F
e
2
O
3
had significant DNA damage after 24βh in IMR-90 cellsBhattacharya et al.; 2009 [36 ]
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i
O
2
nanoparticles Mouse primary embryo fibroblasts Increased mutation yield and induces kilo-based pair deletion mutations in transgenic mouse cells. Dose-dependent formation of ONOO- Xu et al.; 2009 [25 ]
T
i
O
2
100βnm Human lymphoblastoid cells. Treatment with 26, 65, 130
π
g/mL at 6, 24, 48βh. 130
π
g/mL treatment increases MNBC frequency 2-3 folds and 2.5 fold in mutation frequency.
π
g/mL treatment induce 5 fold increase in comet tail moments Wang et al.; 2007 [37 ] ZnO nanospheres Human epidermal cell line (A431) Significant DNA damage in comet assay. Induces oxidative stress Sharma et al.; 2009 [38 ] Ag 30βnm, nanospheres Medaka fish cell lines
π
g/cm2 Chromosomal aberration and aneuploidy Wise et al.; 2010 [39 ] Ag 6β20βnmstarch coated IMR-90 and human glioblastoma cells U251 DNA aberrations more prominent in cancer cells with more chromosomal aberrations. Asharani et al.; 2009 [40 ] Ag 25βnm Mouse embryonic stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts Immuno blot Immunoflorescence Upregulation of p53, Rad 51 and phosphorylated H2AX protein expression. Coated AgNP show more severe damage than uncoated AgNP Ahamed et al.; 2008 [41 ] Au 20βnm Human fetal lung fibroblasts cells (MRC-5) treated with nAu at 0, Significant DNA damage in 1βnm treatment compared to control. Li et al.; 2008 [42 ] Platinum (Pt NP) 5β8βnm capped with poly-vinyl alcohol Human cell line p53 activation, p21 downregulation. Increase of DNA damage, arrest at cell-cycle S phase and apoptosis Asharani et al.; 2010 [43 ] Other Nanomaterials Nanoceria (CeO2 ) nanoparticles Human lens epithelial cells at 5, 10
π
g/mL concentrations No DNA damage nor SCE Pierscionek et al.; 2010 [44 ] Polymer NP lyophilized PELGE and PLGAnp CHO cells No significant difference in MN assay and no cell-cycle delay. SCE found to be higher in 5 kinds of PELGE-NP than in negative controls He et al.; 2009 [45 ]
