Journal of Nucleic Acids / 2012 / Article / Tab 3 / Review Article
Challenges and Opportunities for Small Molecule Aptamer Development Table 3 A listing of RNA aptamers reported in the open literature* (up until July 2012) that have been confirmed to bind to small molecule targets. The dissociation constant (
), a measure of binding affinity, is included as well as the year of aptamer development.
Target Binding affinity (
) Year Reference Organic dyes 100–600 μ M 1990 [158 ] D-tryptophan 18 μ M 1992 [46 ] L-valine 2.9 mM 1994 [159 ] Theophylline 100 nM 1994 [44 ] Cyanocobalamin 88 nM 1994 [160 ] L-citrulline 62–68 μ M 1994 [47 ] Flavin mononucleotide 0.5 μ M 1994 [161 ] Flavin adenine dinucleotide 137–273 μ M 1994 [161 ] Kanamycin A ≤300 nM 1995 [162 ] Neomycin 100 nM 1995 [163 ] Tobramycin 2–3 nM 1995 [164 ] Lividomycin ≤300 nM 1995 [162 ] Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2.5 μ M 1995 [165 ] Riboflavin 1–5 μ M 1995 [165 ] Biotin 5 μ M 1995 [166 ] L-arginine 330 nM 1996 [48 ] Dopamine 2.8 μ M 1997 [167 ] 7-methyl-guanosine 5 μ M 1997 [168 ] CCdApPuro 10 nM 1997 [169 ] Chloramphenicol 25–65 μ M 1997 [170 ] Viomycin 11–21 μ M 1997 [171 ] Sulforhodamine B 310 nM 1998 [172 ] Streptomycin 1–10 μ M 1998 [173 ] L-isoleucine 200–500 μ M 1998 [174 ] 7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) 0.27–2.8 μ M 1998 [134 ] Xanthine 3.3 μ M 1998 [175 ] Guanine 1.3 μ M 1998 [175 ] Malachite green ≤1 μ M 1999 [176 ] Phosphatidylcholine ≥100 μ M 1999 [177 ] Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 10 μ M 2000 [178 ] Adenosine triphosphate 127–223 μ M 2000 [179 ] L-tyrosine 35 μ M 2000 [180 ] S-adenosyl homocysteine 0.2–0.8 μ M 2000 [181 ] Neomycin 1.8 μ M 2000 [182 ] Moenomycin A 300–400 nM 2001 [183 ] Sialyl Lewis X 0.085–10 nM 2001 [184 ] Tetracycline 1 μ M 2001 [185 ] Kanamycin B 180 nM 2001 [186 ] Adenine 10 μ M 2002 [187 ] Flavin adenine dinucleotide 50 μ M 2002 [188 ] L-isoleucine 1–7 mM 2003 [189 ] Adenosine triphosphate 2 μ M 2003 [190 ] Morpholine-based GTP analog 20, 33 μ M 2003 [191 ] 4,4′-methylenedianiline 0.45–15 μ M 2004 [192 ] Tobramycin 30–100 nM 2004 [34 ] Kanamycin 10–30 nM 2004 [34 ] Adenosine triphosphate 5 μ M 2004 [193 ] Isoleucine 0.9 mM 2005 [194 ] L-histidine 8–54 μ M 2005 [195 ] Codeine 2.5–4 μ M 2006 [33 ] Mesomesoprotoporphyrin IX 188–445 nM 2006 [87 ] Thyroxine 50 μ M 2007 [196 ] Tobramycin 16 μ M 2007 [197 ] 10-carboxy-2,7-di-t-butyl-trans-12c,12d-dimethyl-12c,12d-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrene 2.7 μ M 2007 [198 ] Dimethylindole red 87 nM 2008 [199 ] Cyanine 3 dye 60 μ M 2010 [200 ] Aniline-substituted sulforhodamine analogue 3.5 μ M 2010 [201 ] Atrazine 2 μ M 2010 [202 ] Sphingosylphosphorylcholine 20–250 nM 2010 [203 ] Black hole quencher 4.7 μ M 2011 [204 ] 4-dimethylaminobenzylidene imidazolinone 464 nM 2011 [205 ] Glutathione 41.8, 48.9 nM 2011 [206 ] Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine 50 nM 2011 [207 ]
Only aptamer sequences that have experimentally determined
values were included in this table.