Sleep-Wake Cycle and Daytime Sleepiness in the Myotonic Dystrophies

Table 1

Sleep disorders and DM1.

Sleep disorder	Sleep findings	References
SDB	OSA; CSA; OSAS & CSA-CSR	Romigi et al., 2011 [10]; Yu et al., 2011 [9]; Cirignotta et al., 1987 [29]; Pincherle et al., 2012 [56]
Idiopathic hypersomnia	LowCSF orexin A; Normal CSF Orexin A; Loss of 5HT neurons of DRN; EDS & HLA DRW6-DQW1	Martinez-Rodríguez et al., 2003 [13]; Ciafaloni et al., 2008 [32]; Ono et al., 1998 [12]; Manni et al., 1991 [33]
Restless legs syndrome & PLMS	PLMS > 5/h in 38% childhood-onset DM1 uncontrolled PSG study; PLMS > 5/h in 61.1% adult-onset DM1 (controlled); PLMW/PLMS	Quera Salva, 2006 [20]; Romigi et al., 2011 [10]; Ciafaloni et al. 2008 [32]; Yu et al., 2011 [9]
REM sleep dysregulation	Narcoleptic-likephenotype	Martinez-Rodríguez et al., 2003 [13]
	SOREMPs and low MSL (MSLT)	Martinez-Rodríguez et al., 2003 [13]; Ciafaloni et al., 2008 [32]; Laberge et al., 2009 [14, 27]; Yu et al., 2011 [9];
	Higher REM density	Yu et al, 2011 [9]

OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; CSA: central sleep apnea; CSA-CSR: central sleep apnea and cheyne_stokes respiration; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; 5HT serotonine; DRN: dorsal raphe nucleus; EDS: excessive daytime somnolence; PLMS: periodic limb movement of sleep; PLMW: periodic limb movement of wake; SOREMPs: sleep onset REM periods.